Izisombululo zoLoliwe kunye noThutho Izixhobo zokuKhuselwa koKhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokuThintela iVoltage

Kutheni ukukhusela?

Ukukhuselwa kweendlela zikaloliwe: Oololiwe, iitrato, iitramu

Ukuhamba ngololiwe ngokubanzi, nokuba kuphantsi komhlaba, emhlabeni okanye ziitramu, kugxininisa kakhulu kukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwezithuthi, ngakumbi kukhuseleko lwabantu olungenamiqathango. Ngesi sizathu zonke izixhobo ezibuthathaka, ezintsonkothileyo zombane (umz. Ulawulo, ukutyikitywa okanye iinkqubo zolwazi) zifuna inqanaba eliphezulu lokuthembeka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nokukhusela abantu. Ngenxa yezizathu zoqoqosho, ezi nkqubo azinawo amandla ombane awoneleyo kuzo zonke iimeko ezinokubakho ngenxa yovoto kwaye ngenxa yoko ukhuseleko olulungileyo kufuneka luguqulwe kwiimfuno ezithile zothutho lukaloliwe. Iindleko zokukhusela okuntsonkothileyo kweenkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki koololiwe sisiqwengana seendleko zizonke zetekhnoloji ekhuselweyo kunye notyalo-mali oluncinci ngokunxulumene nomonakalo osenokubakho kukusilela okanye ukonakaliswa kwezixhobo. Umonakalo unokubangelwa ziziphumo zamandla ombane kokubetha ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, ukutshintshela ukusebenza, ukusilela okanye ngenxa yamandla ombane aphezulu abangelwa ziintsimbi zesixhobo sikaloliwe.

Umgaqo oyintloko wokukhusela ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo kukuxakeka kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-SPD kunye ne-equipotential bonding ngokudibanisa ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo. Ubunzima buqinisekiswa ngokufaka izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela kuwo onke amagalelo nakwiziphumo zesixhobo kunye nenkqubo, ukuba zonke iintambo zombane, uphawu kunye nonxibelelwano zinxibelelana zikhuselekile. Ukulungelelaniswa kokukhuselwa kuyaqinisekiswa ngokufaka ii-SPDs ezineziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ngokulandelelana ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ngokuthe ngcembe ukubetha kombane kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo lesixhobo esikhuselweyo. Izixhobo zokuthintela i-Voltage ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko olubanzi lweetreyini zombane. Basebenza ukuthintela amandla ombane aphezulu achukumisayo kwiindawo zentsimbi zezixhobo zikaloliwe ngokumisela unxibelelwano lwethutyana okanye olusisigxina lwamalungu aqhubayo kunye nokubuya kwesekethe yenkqubo yokubambisa. Ngalo msebenzi bakhusela ikakhulu abantu abanokuthi banxibelelane nala malungu aqhubayo.

Yintoni onokuyikhusela njani?

Izixhobo zokuKhusela (i-SPD) zezikhululo zikaloliwe kunye noololiwe

Imigca yokuhambisa umbane AC 230/400 V

Izikhululo zikaloliwe zisebenza ikakhulu ukumisa uloliwe ukufika nokuhamba kwabakhweli. Kwiziko kukho ulwazi olubalulekileyo, ulawulo, ulawulo kunye nenkqubo yokhuseleko yezothutho, kodwa kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngamagumbi okulinda, iivenkile zokutyela, iivenkile, njl.njl., Ezinxibelelene nenethiwekhi yokunikezelwa kwamandla kwaye, ngenxa yokusondela kombane indawo, banokuba semngciphekweni wokusilela kwisekethe yokuhambisa umbane. Ukugcina ukungabinangxaki kwezi zixhobo, amanqanaba amathathu okhuseleko kufuneka afakwe kwimigca yokuhambisa umbane ye-AC. Uqwalaselo olucetyiswayo lwezixhobo zokukhusela i-LSP zezi zilandelayo:

• Ibhodi yokuhambisa ephambili (isithuba, ukufakelwa kwelayini yombane) -Uhlobo lwe-SPD 1, umz I-FLP50, okanye umbane odityanisiweyo wokubanjwa okwangoku kunye nohlobo lokuvalela uhlobo 1 + 2, umz I-FLP12,5.
• Iibhodi ezihambisa ezantsi-ukhuseleko kwinqanaba lesibini, uhlobo lwe-SPD 2, umz Uluhlu lwee-SLP40-275.
• Itekhnoloji / izixhobo-ukhuseleko kwinqanaba lesithathu, Uhlobo lwe-SPD 3,

-Ukuba izixhobo ezikhuselweyo zibekwe ngqo ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane kwibhodi yokuhambisa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-SPD Type 3 yokunyusa umzila kaloliwe we-DIN 35 mm, njenge Uluhlu lwee-SLP20-275.

-Kwiimeko zokukhuselwa kweesekethe ngokuthe ngqo apho izixhobo ze-IT ezinje ngeekopi, iikhompyuter, njl.njl zinokuthi zixhunywe khona, ke kufanelekile i-SPD yokongeza ukongeza kwiibhokisi zesokethi, umz. FLD.

-Umlinganiso omkhulu wokulawula kunye netekhnoloji yolawulo ilawulwa zii-microprocessors kunye neekhompyuter. Ke ngoko, ukongeza kukhuseleko lwe-overvoltage, kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa isiphumo sokuphazamiseka kwamaza omoya okunokuphazamisa ukusebenza okufanelekileyo, umz. Ngokukhulula iprosesa, ukubhala ngaphezulu idatha okanye inkumbulo. Kwezi zicelo i-LSP icebisa i-FLD. Kukho nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokwendlela yokulayisha ekhoyo.

Ukongeza kwizakhiwo zayo zikaloliwe, elinye icandelo elibalulekileyo leziseko zophuhliso ngumgaqo kaloliwe onoluhlu olubanzi lokulawula, ukubeka esweni kunye neenkqubo zokubonisa (umz. Izibane zemiqondiso, ukunxibelelana ngombane, imiqobo yokuwela, izixhobo zokubala ezinamavili eenqwelo njl. Ukukhuselwa kwabo kwiziphumo zokunyuka kweevolthi kubaluleke kakhulu malunga nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngaphandle kwengxaki.

• Ukukhusela ezi zixhobo kufanelekile ukufakela uhlobo lwe-SPD 1 kwintsika yokuhambisa umbane, okanye imveliso engcono kuluhlu lwe-FLP12,5, Uhlobo lwe-SPD 1 + 2 ethi, ngenxa yenqanaba elisezantsi lokukhusela, ikhusele ngcono izixhobo.

Kwizixhobo zikaloliwe eziqhagamshelene ngqo okanye kufutshane nomgaqo (umzekelo, isixhobo sokubala inqwelo), kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-FLD, isixhobo esinciphisa amandla ombane, ukubuyekeza ukungafani okunokubakho phakathi komgaqo kunye nendawo yokukhusela izixhobo. Yenzelwe uloliwe olula we-DIN 35 mm ukunyuka.

Itekhnoloji yoNxibelelwano

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zothutho lukaloliwe nazo zonke iitekhnoloji zonxibelelwano kunye nokukhuselwa okufanelekileyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano zedijithali kunye ne-analogue ezisebenza kwiintambo zentsimbi zakudala okanye ngaphandle kwamacingo. Ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo ezinxulunyaniswe kweziisekethi kunokusetyenziswa umzekelo aba babanjwa be-LSP:

• Umnxeba womnxeba nge-ADSL okanye i-VDSL2 - umz. I-RJ11S-TELE ekungeneni kwesakhiwo nakufutshane nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo.
• Iinethiwekhi ze-Ethernet- ukhuseleko kwindalo yonke lwedatha yedatha kunye nemigca edityaniswe nePoE, umzekelo DT-CAT-6AEA.
• Umgca we-Coaxial antenna wonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo- umz., DS-N-FM

Imigca yesiginali yokulawula kunye nedatha

Imigca yokulinganisa kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo kwiziseko zikaloliwe kufuneka, ewe, zikhuselwe nakwiziphumo zokunyuka kunye nokubaleka kwamandla ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza. Umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kokukhuselwa kwe-LSP yedatha kunye nenethiwekhi yomqondiso inokuba:

• Ukukhuselwa komqondiso kunye nolayini bokulinganisa kwizixhobo zikaloliwe - umntu obamba ukubanjwa ST 1 + 2 + 3, umz. FLD.

Yintoni onokuyikhusela njani?

Izixhobo zokunciphisa umda weVoltage (VLD) zezikhululo zikaloliwe kunye noololiwe

Ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo koololiwe, ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla ombane kwisekethe yokubuyela, okanye ngokunxulumene nemeko enesiphene, kunokubakho amandla ombane aphezulu achukumisayo kumacandelo afikelelekayo phakathi kwesekethe yokubuyela kunye namandla omhlaba, okanye kwiindawo ezingaphantsi eziveziweyo zokuhamba (iipali , zokubambelela kunye nezinye izixhobo). Kwiindawo ezinokufikeleleka ebantwini ezifana nezikhululo zikaloliwe okanye iitreyini, kunyanzelekile ukuba uthintele lo mbane kwixabiso elikhuselekileyo ngokufakelwa kweeVoltage Limiting Devices (VLD). Umsebenzi wabo kukuseka uxhulumaniso lwethutyana okanye olusisigxina lwamalungu aqhubayo anokuhamba kunye nokubuya kwesekethe xa kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvunyelwe ixabiso lombane wokuchukumisa. Xa ukhetha i-VLD kufuneka uqwalasele ukuba ngaba umsebenzi we-VLD-F, i-VLD-O okanye zombini ziyafuneka, njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-EN 50122-1. Ukuboniswa kweenxalenye zokuqhuba zentloko okanye zemigca yokuhamba zihlala zixhunywe kwisekethe yokubuyela ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngohlobo lwesixhobo seVLD-F. Ke, uhlobo lokunciphisa umda wevolthi ye-VLD-F yenzelwe ukhuseleko kwimeko yeziphene, umzekelo, isekethe emfutshane yenkqubo yokutsala kombane enendawo ebonakalayo. Uhlobo lwezixhobo ze-VLD-O zisetyenziswa ekusebenzeni kwesiqhelo, okt banciphisa amandla ombane anyuswe ngenxa yesitimela ngexesha lokusebenza koololiwe. Umsebenzi wezixhobo zokuthintela amandla ombane ayikokukhusela imibane kunye nokutshintsha kwamaza. Olu khuseleko lubonelelwa ngezixhobo eziKhuselayo zoKhuseleko (SPD). Iimfuno kwii-VLDs zenze utshintsho olukhulu ngohlobo olutsha lwe-EN 50526-2 esemgangathweni kwaye kukho iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zobugcisa kuzo ngoku. Ngokwalo mgangatho, i-VLD-F yeveter limers zichongwe njengodidi 1 kunye neVLD-O iindidi njengeklasi 2.1 kunye neklasi 2.2.

I-LSP ikhusela isiseko sikaloliwe

Kunqande ixesha lokuphumla kunye nokuphazamiseka kwiziseko zikaloliwe

Ukusebenza ngokugudileyo kwetekhnoloji yoololiwe kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezibuthathaka, zombane kunye ne-elektroniki. Ukufumaneka ngokusisigxina kwezi nkqubo, nangona kunjalo, kusongelwa yimibane kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane. Njengomthetho, abaqhubi abonakalisiweyo nabatshatyalalisiweyo, izinto ezingena ngaphakathi, iimodyuli okanye iinkqubo zekhompyuter ngoyena nobangela wokuphazamiseka kunye nokusombulula ixesha. Oku kuthetha ukuba oololiwe abafike kade kunye neendleko eziphezulu.

Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okubiza imali kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kwenkqubo… ngombane obanzi kunye nokukhuselwa kwengcinga elungiselelwe iimfuno zakho ezizodwa.

Izizathu zokuphazamiseka kunye nomonakalo

Ezi zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokuphazamiseka, ixesha lokuphumla kunye nomonakalo kwiinkqubo zikaloliwe zombane:

• Umbane ngqo

Ukubetha kombane kwimigca yokunxibelelana ngaphezulu, imikhondo okanye iimasti zihlala zikhokelela kuphazamiseko okanye ukusilela kwenkqubo.

• Umbane ongathanga ngqo

Umbane ubetha kwisakhiwo esikufuphi okanye emhlabeni. Ukugqithisa kugqityiwe kusasazwa ngeentambo okanye ngokunganyanzelekanga, konakalise okanye kutshabalalise izinto ezingakhuselekanga zombane.

• Iindawo eziphazamisayo zombane

Ukubaleka kwamandla kungaphaya xa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zinxibelelana ngenxa yokusondela komnye nomnye, umz., Iinkqubo ezikhanyisiweyo zomqondiso ngaphezulu kweemoto, imigca yokuhambisa amandla ombane ophezulu kunye nemigca yoqhakamshelwano yoololiwe.

• Iziganeko ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwinkqubo kaloliwe uqobo

Ukutshintsha ukusebenza kunye nokuqala kweefusyinto eyongezelelweyo yomngcipheko kuba zinokuvelisa ii-surges kwaye zibangele umonakalo.

Kwezothutho ingqalelo kugcinwa ukuba ihlawulwe kukhuseleko nokusebenza kokungaphazamiseki, kunye nokukhuselwa kwabantu ngaphandle kwemiqathango, ngakumbi. Ngenxa yezi zizathu zingasentla izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kuthutho lukaloliwe kufuneka zibonise inqanaba eliphezulu lokuthembeka elihambelana neemfuno zokusebenza okukhuselekileyo. Ithuba lokuvela kokungaphumeleli ngenxa yemithambo ephezulu engalindelekanga iyacuthwa ngokusetyenziswa kwesibetho sombane sokubanjwa kwangoku kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ezenziwa yi-LSP.

Ukukhuselwa kombane we-230/400 V we-AC
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenasiphene kweenkqubo zothutho lukaloliwe kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufakelwe onke amanqanaba amathathu ee-SPD kumgca wokuhambisa umbane. Inqanaba lokuqala lokhuselo liqulathe isixhobo sokhuselo sothotho lwe-FLP, inqanaba lesibini lenziwe yi-SLP SPD, kwaye inqanaba lesithathu lifakwe kufutshane nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo zimelwe luthotho lwe-TLP kunye ne-HF yokuthintela isithintelo sokucoca.

Izixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye neesekethe zolawulo
Imijelo yonxibelelwano ikhuselwe nge-SPDs yohlobo lwe-FLD uthotho, kuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha bonxibelelwano obusetyenzisiweyo. Ukukhuselwa kolawulo lweesekethe kunye neenethiwekhi zedatha kunokusekwa kumbane obanjwa njengombane njengangoku.

Ukukhuselwa ngumbane: Ukuqhuba uloliwe

Xa sicinga ngokhuseleko lombane njengoko lubhekisa kushishino nakwiintlekele sicinga ngokucacileyo; Ioyile kunye neGesi, unxibelelwano, ukuveliswa kwamandla, izinto eziluncedo njlnjl kodwa bambalwa kuthi abacinga ngoololiwe, oololiwe okanye ezothutho ngokubanzi. Ngoba kutheni? Oololiwe kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezibalekayo zisengozini yokubethwa ngumbane njengayo nayiphi na enye into kwaye isiphumo sogwayimbo lombane kwiziseko zikaloliwe zinokuthintela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibe yingozi. Umbane yinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yoololiwe kunye nobuninzi bamacandelo kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko ekwakhiweni koololiwe kwihlabathi liphela zininzi.

Oololiwe kunye neenkqubo zikaloliwe ezibethwayo kunye nefuthe zenzeka rhoqo kunokuba sicinga. Ngo-2011, uloliwe eMpuma China (kwisixeko saseWenzhou, kwiPhondo laseZhejiang) wabethwa ngumbane owawumisa ngokoqobo kwiindlela zawo ngamandla awayekhutshwa. Uloliwe obaleka ngesantya esiphezulu ubethe uloliwe ongakwaziyo ukusebenza. Abantu abangama-43 babhubha kwaye abanye abangama-210 benzakala. Iindleko ezipheleleyo ezaziwa yile ntlekele yayizi- $ 15.73 yezigidi.

Kwinqaku elipapashwe kwiiNethiwekhi zoLoliwe zase-UK ithi e-UK “Umbane uqhankqalaza iziseko zikaloliwe ezonakalisiweyo umyinge wama-192 amaxesha ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2010 no-2013, isitrayikhi ngasinye sikhokelela kwimizuzu engama-361 yolibaziseko. Ukongeza, oololiwe abangama-58 baye bacinywa ngonyaka ngenxa yombane. ” Ezi zinto zenzekayo zinempembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho nakwezorhwebo.

Ngo-2013, umhlali wabanjwa ngumbane ekhanyisa uloliwe eJapan. Kwaba nethamsanqa lokuba uqhankqalazo lungakhange lubangele nakuphi na ukwenzakala, kodwa ngebelulusizi ukuba belubethwe nje kwindawo elungileyo. Enkosi ngokukhetha ukukhusela ngombane kwiinkqubo zikaloliwe. E-Japan bakhethe ukuthatha indlela esebenzayo yokukhusela iinkqubo zikaloliwe ngokusebenzisa izisombululo eziqinisekisiweyo zokukhusela umbane kwaye uHitachi ukhokela kwindlela yokuphumeza.

Umbane uhlala usisongelo soku-1 sokusebenza koololiwe, ngakumbi phantsi kweenkqubo zokusebenza zamva nje ezinothungelwano lweempawu ezibuthathaka ngokuchasene nokunyuka okanye i-Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) ebangelwe ngumbane njengempembelelo yesibini.

Ukulandela yenye yezifundo zokukhusela ukukhanya koololiwe babucala eJapan.

Umzila we-Tsukuba Express Line waziwa ngokusebenza kwawo ngokuthembekileyo kunye nexesha elincinci. Iinkqubo zabo zekhompyuter kunye nolawulo zixhotyisiwe ngenkqubo eqhelekileyo yokukhusela umbane. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2006 iindudumo ezinkulu zazonakalisa iinkqubo kwaye zaphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo. UHitachi wacelwa ukuba abonisane nomonakalo kwaye acebise isisombululo.

Isindululo sibandakanya ukwaziswa kweNkqubo yokuSasazeka kweArray (DAS) kwezi nkcukacha zilandelayo:

Ukusukela oko kwafakwa i-DAS, akubangakho monakalo wombane kula maziko athile ngaphezulu kweminyaka esi-7. Isalathiso esiyimpumelelo sikhokelele kufakelo oluqhubekayo lwe-DAS kwisikhululo ngasinye kulo mgca minyaka le ukusukela ngo-2007 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngale mpumelelo, uHitachi uphumeze izisombululo ezifanayo zokukhusela ukukhanya kwezinye izibonelelo zikaloliwe zabucala (iinkampani zikaloliwe zabucala ezisi-7 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku).

Ukuqukumbela, Umbane uhlala usisisongelo kumaziko anemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kunye namashishini, angaphelelanga kwinkqubo yendlela kaloliwe kuphela njengoko kucacisiwe apha ngasentla. Naziphi na iinkqubo zendlela ezixhomekeke ekusebenzeni ngokugudileyo nakumaxesha amancinanana okuphumla kufuneka zikhuseleke kakuhle kwizimo zemozulu ezingalindelekanga. Ngezisombululo zayo zokuKhusela uMbane (kubandakanya itekhnoloji ye-DAS), uHitachi unomdla omkhulu wokufaka igalelo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kweshishini kubathengi bayo.

Ukukhuselwa ngombane koLoliwe kunye noShishino olunxulumene noko

Imeko kaloliwe ilucelomngeni kwaye ayinanceba. Isakhiwo sokubambisa ngaphezulu sakha i-eriyali enkulu yombane. Oku kufuna iindlela zendlela yokucinga ukukhusela izinto ezibotshelelwe ngumgaqo kaloliwe, inyuswe ngomgaqo kaloliwe okanye kufutshane nomkhondo, ngokuchasene nemibane. Okwenza izinto zibe ngumceli mngeni ngakumbi kukukhula ngokukhawuleza kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezinamandla asezantsi kwimeko kaloliwe. Umzekelo, ukutyikitya ukufakelwa kuguqukile kunxibelelaniso lomatshini ukuya kusekwe kwizinto ezinobunkunkqele zombane. Ukongeza, ukubek'esweni imeko yeziseko zikaloliwe kuzise iinkqubo ezininzi zombane. Kungoko isidingo esibalulekileyo sokhuselo lombane kuyo yonke imiba yenethiwekhi kaloliwe. Amava okwenyani ombhali kukhuseleko lwezibane zeenkqubo zikaloliwe ziya kwabelwana nawe.

intshayelelo

Nangona eli phepha ligxile kumava kumgaqo kaloliwe, imigaqo yokhuselo iya kusebenza ngokulinganayo kwimizi-mveliso enxulumene noko apho izixhobo ezifakiweyo zigcinwe ngaphandle kwiikhabhathi kwaye zinxulunyaniswa nenkqubo yolawulo / yomlinganiselo ophambili ngeentambo. Luhlobo lokusasazwa kwenkqubo eyahlukeneyo efuna indlela ethe kratya ngakumbi kukhuseleko lombane.

Imeko kaloliwe

Imeko kaloliwe ilawulwa bubume obungaphezulu, obenza i-eriyali enkulu yombane. Kwimimandla yasemaphandleni ubume obuphezulu yeyona nto kujoliswe kuyo xa kuphuma umbane. Intambo yomhlaba ngaphezulu kweemasti, qinisekisa ukuba lonke ulwakhiwo lukwimeko efanayo. Yonke imasti yesithathu ukuya yesihlanu ibotshelelwe kuloliwe wokubuyisa (omnye uloliwe usetyenziselwa ukubonisa umqondiso). Kwiindawo zokutsala iDC iimasti zibekelwe bucala emhlabeni ukunqanda ii-electrolyses, ngelixa kwiindawo zokubambeka kwe-AC iimasti zinxibelelana nomhlaba. Inkqubo yokusayina enobunzima kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa zikwindlela kaloliwe enyusiweyo okanye kufutshane nomgaqo kaloliwe. Ezo zixhobo zichanekile kwimisebenzi yombane kuloliwe, ethathwa ngendlela engaphezulu. Izinzwa kuloliwe ziintambo ezinxulunyaniswe neendlela zokulinganisa indlela, ekubhekiswa kuzo emhlabeni. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni izixhobo zikaloliwe ezinganyanzelekanga ukuba zithotyelwe kuphela, kodwa zikwabonakalisiwe kwizikhululo ezenziweyo. Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kufakelo lwemiqondiso eyahlukeneyo kukwahamba ngeentambo zombane eziphezulu, ezichaphazeleka ngokulinganayo kuqhankqalazo lombane. Uthungelwano olubanzi lweentambo zangaphantsi zidibanisa zonke izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ezisezantsi ezigcinwe kwizixhobo zentsimbi ecaleni kwendlela, izikhongozeli ezakhiwe ngokwesiqhelo okanye izindlu zekhonkrithi iRocla. Le yindawo ecela umngeni apho iinkqubo zokukhusela imibane eziyilwe ngokufanelekileyo zibalulekile ekusindeni kwezixhobo. Izixhobo ezonakalisiweyo zibangela ukungafumaneki kweenkqubo zokubonisa, kubangela ilahleko yokusebenza.

Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemilinganiselo kunye nezinto zokubonisa

Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemilinganiselo ziqeshelwe ukubeka esweni impilo yeenqwelo kunye nenqanaba elingathandekiyo loxinzelelo kuloliwe. Ezinye zeenkqubo zezi: Isitshisi esithwele ubushushu, Isitshisi sokuqhekeza eshushu, Inkqubo yokulinganisa isondo / Ukulinganisa impembelelo yevili, iSkew bogie detector, Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo olude ecaleni kwendlela, inkqubo yokuchongwa kweZithuthi, iibhulorho zobunzima. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zibonakalisa umqondiso kwaye zibalulekile kwaye kufuneka zibekhona kwinkqubo efanelekileyo yokubonisa: ukulandelela iisekethe, izixhobo zokubala ii-axle, ukufunyanwa kwamanqaku kunye nezixhobo zamandla.

Iindlela zokhuselo

Ukhuseleko olunqamlezileyo lubonisa ukhuseleko phakathi kwabaqhubi. Ukukhusela ixesha elide kuthetha ukhuseleko phakathi komqhubi kunye nomhlaba. Ukukhuselwa kwendlela kathathu kuya kubandakanya ukhuseleko olude kunye nolunqamlezileyo kwisekethe ezimbini zomqhubi. Ukukhuselwa kweendlela ezimbini kuya kuba nokukhuselwa okunqamlezileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kobude obude kuphela kwi-conductor (eqhelekileyo) yesekethe yeengcingo ezimbini.

Ukukhuselwa kombane kumgca wokuhambisa umbane

Nyathela ezantsi abaguquli zibekwe kwizakhiwo ze-H kwaye zikhuselwe zizitaki zokubamba amandla ombane kwi-HT yomhlaba ezinikeleyo. Uhlobo lwentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi efakiweyo ifakwe phakathi kwekhebula le-HT lomhlaba kunye nesakhiwo se-H. I-H-mast ibotshelelwe kuloliwe wokubuyisa. Kwibhodi yokuhambisa umbane kwigumbi lezixhobo, kufakelwa ukhuselo lwendlela kathathu kusetyenziswa iimodyuli zeklasi 1. Inqanaba lesibini lokhuselo kubandakanya uthotho lwe-inductors kunye neemodyuli zokukhusela ze-2 zenkqubo yomhlaba ophakathi. Inqanaba lesithathu lokukhusela ngesiqhelo liquka ii-MOV's okanye iiTresressors zeThutyana ngaphakathi kwikhabhathi yezixhobo zamandla.

Unikezelo lwamandla okulinda lweeyure ezine lubonelelwa ngeebhetri nakwiziguquli. Ukusukela ukuphuma kwemveliso ye-inverter ngentambo kwizixhobo ezisecaleni komgaqo, ikwabonakalisiwe kwimibane engasemva yombane eyenziwe kwikhebula elingaphantsi komhlaba. Umgaqo wendlela yokukhuseleka kathathu ifakiwe ukuze inyamekele ezi surges.

Imigaqo yoyilo lokhuselo

Le migaqo ilandelayo iyalandelwa kuyilo lokhuselo lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemilinganiselo:

Chonga zonke iintambo ezingena neziphumayo.
Sebenzisa ukumiselwa kwendlela kathathu.
Yenza indlela yokudlula kumandla okunyusa amandla apho kunokwenzeka khona.
Gcina inkqubo ye-0V kunye nezikrini zekhebula ezahlukileyo emhlabeni.
Sebenzisa umhlaba we-equipotential. Yeka ukudityaniswa komdibaniso womhlaba.
Sukulungiselela kugwayimbo oluthe ngqo.

Ukukhusela i-asi

Ukuthintela imibane ukuba "itsalwe" kwindawo yomhlaba, izixhobo ezisecaleni komkhondo zigcinwa zijikeleza. Amandla ombane abangelwa ziintambo zomsila kunye neentloko zokubala ezibekiweyo kufuneka emva koko zifakwe zize zijolise kumjikelo we-elektroniki (faka) kwintambo yonxibelelwano edibanisa iyunithi yecala lokulandela umkhondo ukuya kwiyunithi yokubala ekude (umvavanyi) kwigumbi lezixhobo. Yonke imijikelezo yokuhambisa, yokufumana kunye nonxibelelwano “ikhuselwe” ngale ndlela yindiza enamanzi edadayo. Amandla ombane aya kuthi emva koko adlule ukusuka kwiintambo zomsila ukuya kwikhebula eliphambili ngokusebenzisa inqwelomoya kunye nezinto zokhuselo. Oku kuthintela amandla okugqitha ekudluliseni iisekethe ze-elektroniki kwaye zonakalise. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba kukukhusela, kwaye izibonakalise njengephumelele kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo xa kukho imfuneko. Kwigumbi lezixhobo intambo yonxibelelwano ibonelelwa ngokhuseleko kathathu kwindlela eya ngqo kuyo yonke amandla ombane kwinkqubo yomhlaba.

Ukukhuselwa kweenkqubo zokulinganisa uloliwe

Iibhulorho zokulinganisa ubunzima kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwayo zisebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa ubunzima ezincanyathiselwe kwiiporo. Ukuphazima okunokubakho kwezi gaji zoxinzelelo kuphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ebashiya besemngciphekweni womsebenzi wombane kwiiloliwe, ngakumbi ngenxa yenkqubo yomhlaba yemilinganiselo enjalo ngaphakathi kwendlwana ekufuphi. Iimodyuli zokhuselo zodidi 2 (275V) zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha iileyili zenkqubo yomhlaba ngokusebenzisa iintambo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqhubela phambili ukuthintela i-flash ngaphaya komgaqo, izikrini zeentambo ezijijekileyo ezibonisiweyo zisikiwe emva esiporweni. Izikrini zazo zonke iintambo azidibaniswanga nomhlaba, kodwa zikhutshwa ngendlela yokubamba igesi. Oku kuyakuthintela (ngqo) ingxolo yomhlaba ukuba ingadityaniswa kwiisekethi zekhebula. Ukusebenza njengesikrini kwinkcazo nganye, isikrini kufuneka sixhunywe kwinkqubo 0V. Ukugcwalisa umfanekiso wokhuselo, inkqubo ye-0V kufuneka ishiywe idada (ingafakwanga emhlabeni), ngelixa amandla angenayo kufuneka akhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo kwimowudi yendlela kathathu.

Into yangaphambi kweekhompyutha

Ingxaki yendalo iphela ikhona kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokulinganisa apho kuqeshwa khona iikhompyuter ukwenza uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ngokwesiqhelo i-chassis yeekhompyuter iyacinywa ngentambo yombane kwaye i-0V (ireferensi yomgca) weekhompyuter nayo iyavulwa. Le meko ihlala iphula umthetho wokugcina inkqubo yokulinganisa idada njengokukhusela kwimibane yangaphandle. Ekuphela kwendlela yokoyisa le ngxaki kukutyisa ikhompyuter ngesiguquli sodwa kwaye ubeke bucala isakhelo sekhompyuter kwikhabhathi yenkqubo efakwe kuyo. Amakhonkco e-RS232 kwezinye izixhobo aya kuphinda adale ingxaki yomhlaba, ekucetyiswa ukuba ikhonkco le-fiber optic njengesisombululo. Igama eliphambili kukujonga inkqubo iyonke kwaye ufumane isisombululo esipheleleyo.

Ukudada kweenkqubo zamandla asezantsi

Kukuziqhelanisa okukhuselekileyo ukuba neesekethe zangaphandle zikhuselwe emhlabeni kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla kweesekethe ezichaziweyo nezikhuselweyo emhlabeni. Amandla ombane asezantsi, izixhobo zamandla asezantsi nangona kunjalo, zixhomekeke kwingxolo kwizibuko lomqondiso kunye nomonakalo ngokwasemzimbeni obangelwe kukunyuka kwamandla kunye neentambo zokulinganisa. Esona sisombululo sisiso kwezi ngxaki kukuhambisa izixhobo zamandla asezantsi. Le ndlela ilandelwe kwaye yaphunyezwa kwiinkqubo zomqondiso oqinileyo. Inkqubo ethile evela kwimvelaphi yaseYurophu yenzelwe ukuba xa iimodyuli zifakelwe ngaphakathi, ngokuzenzekelayo ziveliswe kwikhabhinethi. Lo mhlaba udlulela kwinqanaba lomhlaba kwiibhodi zepc ngolu hlobo. Ii-capacitors zamandla asezantsi zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa kakuhle ingxolo phakathi komhlaba kunye nenkqubo ye-0V. Ukunyuka okuvela kwicala lokulandela umkhondo kungena kumazibuko ophawu kwaye kugqobhoze ezi capacitors, konakalisa izixhobo kwaye kuhlala kushiya indlela yokuhanjiswa kwangaphakathi kwe-24V ukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo iibhodi zepc. Oku bekukho ngaphandle kwendlela kathathu (130V) yokhuseleko kuyo yonke imijikelezo engenayo nephumayo. Ukwahlula okucacileyo emva koko kwenziwa phakathi komzimba wekhabhinethi kunye nenkqubo yomhlaba yebhasi yebhasi. Lonke ukhuseleko lombane lwalukhankanyiwe kumhlaba webhasi. Inkqubo yomhlaba kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo kuzo zonke iintambo zangaphandle kuyekisiwe kumhlaba webhasi. Ikhabhinethi yadada emhlabeni. Nangona lo msebenzi wenziwe ngasekupheleni kwelona xesha lakutshanje lombane, akukho monakalo wombane waxelwa kuso nasiphi na isikhululo sesihlanu (malunga nokufakwa okungama-80) okwenziweyo, ngelixa isaqhwithi sombane sidlulile. Ixesha elilandelayo lombane liya kungqina ukuba ingaba le nkqubo iyonke iyimpumelelo.

impumelelo

Ngemizamo yokuzinikela nokwandisa ukufakelwa kweendlela zokukhusela imibane eziphuculiweyo, iimpazamo ezinxulumene nombane zifikelele kwinqanaba lokutshintsha.

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I-Wenzhou Arrester Electric Co, Ltd. (LSP) ngumenzi ophethwe ngabaseTshayina ngokupheleleyo we-AC & DC SPDs kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kwihlabathi liphela.

I-LSP ibonelela ngezi mveliso zilandelayo kunye nezisombululo:

1. Isixhobo sokukhusela i-AC (SPD) senkqubo yamandla asezantsi ombane ukusuka kwi-75Vac ukuya kwi-1000Vac ngokwe-IEC 61643-11: 2011 kunye ne-EN 61643-11: 2012 (uhlobo lovavanyo lohlobo: T1, T1 + T2, T2, T3).
2. Isixhobo sokukhusela i-DC (SPD) se-photovolatics ukusuka kwi-500Vdc ukuya kwi-1500Vdc ngokwe-IEC 61643-31: 2018 kunye ne-EN 50539-11: 2013 [EN 61643-31: 2019] (uhlobo lovavanyo lohlobo: T1 + T2, T2)
3. Umgca wokukhusela umgca wokukhusela njengomgcini we-PoE (Power over Ethernet) ukukhuselwa ngokwe-IEC 61643-21: 2011 kunye ne-EN 61643-21: 2012 (uhlobo lovavanyo lohlobo: T2).
4. Izibane zetrato ze-LED ziphakamisa umkhuseli

Enkosi ngokundwendwela!