Shwankathela umbane kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela

Ukhuseleko olucwangcisiweyo

Ingcamango yendawo yokukhusela umbane

Esi sakhiwo sahlulwe saziindawo ezisengozini. Le mimandla inceda ukucacisa amanyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko, ngakumbi imibane kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela izixhobo kunye nezinto. Inxalenye ye-EMC ehambelana nayo (i-EMC: i-Electro Compactibility Magnetic) indawo yokukhuselwa kombane yinkqubo yokhuseleko yombane yangaphandle (kubandakanya inkqubo yokupheliswa komoya, inkqubo yokuhambisa ezantsi, inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba), ukudibanisa izixhobo, ukukhusela indawo kunye nokukhusela unikezelo lwamandla neenkqubo zeteknoloji yolwazi. Iinkcazo zisebenza njengoko zihlelwe kwiTheyibhile 1. Ngokweemfuno kunye nemithwalo ebekwe kwizixhobo ezikhuselayo, bahlelwa njengombane ababambayo ngoku, ababanjiweyo kunye nababanjiweyo abadibeneyo. Ezona mfuno ziphakamileyo zibekwe kumandla okukhutshwa kombane kubanjwa ngoku kunye nababanjiweyo abadibeneyo abasetyenzisiweyo kutshintsho ukusuka kwindawo yokhuseleko yombane_A ukuya ku-1 okanye ku-0_A ukuya 2. Aba babanjiweyo kufuneka babe nakho ukuqhuba imibane yamaza ombane ayi-10/350 μs ifom yamaza amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa ukuthintela ukungena kwemijelo yombane etshabalalisayo kufakelo lombane lwesakhiwo. Kwinqanaba lotshintsho ukusuka kwi-LPZ 0_B ukuya kwi-1 okanye ezantsi kombane obambayo ngoku kwindawo yotshintsho ukusuka kwi-LPZ 1 ukuya kwi-2 nangaphezulu, kusetyenziselwa ukubamba ukubanjwa. Umsebenzi wabo bobabini kukunciphisa amandla ashiyekileyo amanqanaba okhuselo anyukayo nangaphezulu kunye nokunciphisa ukunyuka okubangelwe okanye kwenziwe kufakelo ngokwalo.

Umbane kunye neendlela zokukhusela kwimida yemimandla yokhuseleko yombane echazwe apha ngasentla isebenza ngokufanayo kunikezelo lwamandla kunye neenkqubo zetekhnoloji yolwazi. Onke amanyathelo achazwe kwindawo ye-EMC ehambelana nombane wokhuseleko lombono anceda ukufezekisa ukufumaneka okuqhubekayo kwezixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki kunye nokufakelwa. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lobuchwephesha, nceda undwendwele www.lsminternational.com.

IEC 62305-4: 2010

Imimandla engaphandle:

I-LPZ 0: Indawo apho isoyikiso sibangelwe yintsimi yombane ongafakwanga umbane kwaye apho iinkqubo zangaphakathi zinokuthi ziphantsi kombane opheleleyo.

I-LPZ 0 yahlulwe yaya:

I-LPZ 0_AIndawo apho isoyikiso sibangelwe kukukhanya kombane ngokuthe ngqo kunye nentsimi yombane opheleleyo wombane. Iinkqubo zangaphakathi zinokuthi zixhomekeke kumbane opheleleyo wombane.

I-LPZ 0_BIndawo ekhuselweyo kwimibane ngqo kodwa apho isoyikiso sisibane esipheleleyo sendawo yombane. Iinkqubo zangaphakathi zinokuthi zixhomekeke kwimibane yokunyuka kombane.

Imimandla yangaphakathi (ikhuselwe kukubaneka ngokuthe ngqo):

I-LPZ 1: Indawo apho i-current current ikhawulelwe ngokwabelana kwangoku kunye nokuhlukanisa iindawo kunye / okanye nge-SPD kumda. Ukukhuselwa kwendawo kunokunciphisa intsimi yombane wombane.

I-LPZ 2… n: Indawo apho uqhaqho lwangoku lunokuthi luthintelwe ngokwabelana kwangoku kunye nokubekwa kwindawo yokuhlangana kunye / okanye ngee-SPD ezongezelelweyo kumda. Ukhuselo lomhlaba olongezelelekileyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukuqhubeka nokucutha intsimi yombane wombane.

Imigaqo kunye neenkcazo

Ukwaphula amandla, landela amandla okucima ngoku I_fi

Umthamo wokophuka lixabiso le-rms elingachaphazelekiyo (elilindelweyo) le-mains elandelwayo ngoku elinokuthi licinywe ngokuzenzekelayo sisixhobo sokukhusela xa uqhagamshela u-U._C. Ingangqinwa kuvavanyo lomsebenzi osebenzayo ngokwe-EN 61643-11: 2012.

Iindidi ngokwe-IEC 61643-21: 2009

Inani leempembelelo zempembelelo kunye nemisinga yempembelelo zichazwe kwi-IEC 61643-21: 2009 yokuvavanya amandla akhoyo ngoku kunye nokuthintelwa kwamandla ombane wokuphazamiseka kwempembelelo. Itheyibhile 3 yalo mgangatho idwelisa ezi ngokwamacandelo kwaye inika amaxabiso awakhethwayo. Kwitheyibhile 2 ye-IEC 61643-22 esemgangathweni imithombo yexeshana yabelwe iindidi ezahlukeneyo zempembelelo ngokwendlela yokuphelisa. Udidi C2 lubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwe-inductive (surges), udidi D1 coupling galvanic (umbane wamaza). Udidi olufanelekileyo luchaziwe kwidatha yezobuchwephesha. Izixhobo zokukhusela i-LSP zigqitha kumaxabiso kwiindidi ezichaziweyo. Ke ngoko, elona xabiso liqinisekileyo lokuqhutywa kwamandla okwangoku libonakaliswe kukukhupha ngokukhoyo ngoku (8/20 μs) kunye nombane okhoyo ngoku (10/350 μs).

Umdibaniso wamaza

Ukudityaniswa kwamaza kuveliswa ngumvelisi we-hybrid (1.2 / 50 μs, 8/20 μs) ngokunganyanzelekanga kwe-2 Ω. Umbane wesekethe ovulekileyo wale generator kubhekiswa kuwo njengo-U_OC. OKANYE_OC sisalathiso esikhethwayo sohlobo lwesithathu sokubanjwa kuba kuphela aba babanjiweyo abanokuvavanywa ngokudityaniswa kwamaza (ngokwe-EN 3-61643).

Ukusika rhoqo f_G

Ubuninzi bokunqunyulwa buchaza indlela yokuziphatha exhomekeke kwisantya sokubanjwa. Ubuninzi bokunqunyulwa bulingana nobuninzi obangela ilahleko yokufaka (a_Eye-3 dB phantsi kweemeko ezithile zovavanyo (jonga EN 61643-21: 2010). Ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe ngenye indlela, eli xabiso libhekisa kwinkqubo ye-50..

Umgangatho wokukhusela

Idigri yokhuseleko ye-IP iyahambelana necandelo lokhuseleko

ichazwe kwi-IEC 60529.

Ixesha lokuqhawula t_a

Ixesha lokuqhawula lixesha elidlulayo kude kube kucinywe ngokuzenzekelayo kumbane kwimeko yokungaphumeleli kwesekethe okanye izixhobo eziza kukhuselwa. Ixesha lokuqhawula lixabiso elithile lesicelo elivela kubungakanani bephutha langoku kunye neempawu zesixhobo sokukhusela.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwamandla kwe-SPDs

Ukulungelelaniswa kwamandla kukukhetha kunye nokunxibelelana kokunxibelelana kwezinto zokhuselo ezi-cascaded (= SPDs) zombane kunye nengqondo yokhuseleko. Oku kuthetha ukuba umthwalo opheleleyo wombane oshukumisayo wangoku wahlulwe phakathi kwee-SPD ngokwamandla abo okuphatha amandla. Ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwamandla alunakwenzeka, ii-SPDs ezisezantsi azonelanga

ikhululwe zii-SPDs ezikhulayo kuba ii-SPDs ezikhulayo zisebenza kade, azonelanga okanye azikho kwaphela. Ngenxa yoko, i-SPDs ezantsi kunye nezixhobo zokuphela ezikhuselweyo zinokutshatyalaliswa. I-DIN CLC / TS 61643-12: 2010 ichaza indlela yokuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwamandla. Uhlobo lwe-Spark-gapbased type 1 SPDs zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezibonakalayo ngenxa yokutshintsha kombane

uphawu (jonga WZAL BURAKI FINTLANGANISO).

Ibala lexesha

Uluhlu lwamaxesha lumela uluhlu lokuhambisa okanye ukunqunyulwa kwesantya sokubanjwa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezichaziweyo zokuncitshiswa.

Ukufakelwa ilahleko

Ngamaxesha anikiweyo, ukufakwa kwelahleko yesixhobo sokukhusela kuchazwa ngokunxulumene nexabiso levolthi kwindawo yofakelo ngaphambi nasemva kokufaka isixhobo sokhuselo. Ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe ngenye indlela, ixabiso libhekisa kwinkqubo ye-50..

I-fuse yokugcina edityanisiweyo

Ngokomgangatho wemveliso yee-SPDs, izixhobo ezikhuselayo ngaphezulu / iifyuzi zokugcina kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Oku, nangona kunjalo, kufuna indawo eyongezelelweyo kwibhodi yokuhambisa, ubude bekhebula obongezelelweyo, obufanele ukuba bube bufutshane ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwe-IEC 60364-5-53, ixesha elongezelelekileyo lofakelo (kunye neendleko) kunye nomlinganiso wefuse. Ifyuzi edityanisiweyo ekubanjweni efanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo kwimisinga yempembelelo ebandakanyekayo isusa konke oku kungalunganga. Ukuzuza kwesithuba, iinzame ezisezantsi zokufaka iintambo, ukubekwa kweliso kwi-fuse ngokudibeneyo kunye nefuthe lokhuselo elonyukayo ngenxa yeentambo ezimfutshane zokudibanisa zizibonelelo ezicacileyo zalo mbono.

Umbane unyanzelisa ngoku ukuba mna_imp

Umbane oshukumisayo wangoku ngumgangatho omiselweyo wejika yangoku kunye nefom ye-10/350 μs. Iiparameter zayo (ixabiso lencopho, intlawulo, amandla athile) kulingisa umthwalo obangelwe yimibane yendalo. Umbane wangoku kunye nokudityaniswa kwababanjiweyo kufuneka babenakho ukukhupha loo mibane yokuqhubela umbane amatyeli aliqela ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa.

Icala lokugcina ukhuseleko / lokubamba i-fuse yokugcina icala

Isixhobo sokhuselo esingaphezulu ngoku (umz. I-fuse okanye umaphuli wesekethe) ebekwe ngaphandle kwendawo yokubamba kwicala lokungeniswa ukuze uphazamise amandla ombane alandele okwangoku nje ukuba kugqithiswe amandla okhuseleko kwisixhobo sokukhusela. Akukho fuse yokuncedisa eyongezelelweyo efunekayo kuba i-fuse yokugcina sele idityanisiwe kwi-SPD.

Ubuninzi bokusebenza kwamandla ombane u_C

Amandla ombane aphezulu aqhubekekayo (amandla ombane avumelekileyo aphezulu) lixabiso leerms zamandla ombane aphezulu anokuqhagamshelwa kwiziphelo ezihambelana noko kwesixhobo sokukhusela ngexesha lokusebenza. La ngamaqondo aphezulu ombane ekubanjweni kwabantu ngaphakathi

imeko echaziweyo engaqhubekiyo, ethi ibuyise umbanjwa abuyele kweli lizwe emva kokukhubeka kunye nokukhululwa. Ixabiso le-U_C Kuxhomekeke kumandla ombane wenkqubo eza kukhuselwa kunye neenkcukacha zomfakeli (IEC 60364-5-534).

Ubuninzi bokusebenza kwamandla ombane u_CPV ngenkqubo ye-photovoltaic (PV)

Ixabiso lamandla ombane aphezulu e-dc anokuthi asetyenziswe ngokusisigxina kwiitheminali ze-SPD. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba u-U_CPV ingaphezulu kwamandla ombane aphezulu wesekethe evulekileyo yenkqubo ye-PV kwimeko yazo zonke iimpembelelo zangaphandle (umz.ubushushu bemozulu, amandla elanga), U_CPV kufuneka ubengaphezulu kwale volthi ivulekileyo yombane we-1.2 (ngokweCLC / TS 50539-12). Le nto ye-1.2 iqinisekisa ukuba ii-SPDs azilingani ngokungachanekanga.

Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwangoku I_max

Elona xesha liphezulu lokukhutshwa ngoku lelona xabiso liphezulu le-8/20 μs yokunyanzeliswa kwesixhobo ngoku esinokuthi sikhuphe ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ubuninzi bokuhambisa amandla

Ubuninzi bokudlulisa amandla buchaza esona santya siphezulu samandla anokuhanjiswa ngesixhobo sokukhusela esixineneyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa icandelo lokhuselo.

Ukukhutshwa ngegama ngoku I_n

Ukukhutshwa kwangoku ngegama kukuphakama kwexabiso le-8/20 μs yangoku apho isixhobo esikhuselekileyo sokukhusela silinganiswe kwinkqubo ethile yovavanyo kwaye isixhobo esikhuselayo sinokukhupha amatyeli aliqela.

Ukulayishwa okwangoku okukhoyo (okwangoku)_L

Okwangoku umthwalo okhoyo ngoku lelona xesha liphezulu livumelekileyo ngoku lokusebenza nelinokuhamba ngokusisigxina kwiitheminali ezihambelanayo.

Amandla ombane u-U_N

Amandla ombane amela amandla ombane wenkqubo eza kukhuselwa. Ixabiso levolthi yamagama aqhelekileyo lihlala lisebenza njengohlobo lokhetho lwezixhobo zokukhusela izixhobo zetekhnoloji yolwazi. Kuboniswa njengexabiso le-rms kwiinkqubo ze-ac.

Ukubanjwa kwe-N-PE

Izixhobo zokukhusela ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukufakela phakathi komqhubi we-N kunye ne-PE.

Uluhlu olusebenzayo lobushushu T_U

Uluhlu lobushushu obusebenzayo lubonisa uluhlu lwezixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa. Kwizixhobo ezingazifudumezeliyo, ilingana noluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwezixhobo zokuzifudumeza akufuneki kudlule kwelona xabiso liphezulu libonisiweyo.

Isiphaluka sokukhusela

Imijikelezo yokukhusela inezigaba ezininzi, izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela. Amanqanaba okukhusela umntu ngamnye anokubandakanya izikhewu, i-varistors, izinto ze-semiconductor kunye neetyhubhu zokukhupha igesi (jonga ukulungelelaniswa kwamandla).

Umqhubi okhuselayo ngoku u-I_PE

Umqhubi okhuselayo okwangoku okwangoku ohamba ngonxibelelwano lwe-PE xa isixhobo sokukhusela sixhunyiwe kumandla ombane oqhubekayo_C, ngokwemiyalelo yofakelo kwaye ngaphandle kwabasebenzisi becala lomthwalo.

Umqondiso wokubonisa kude

Umnxibelelanisi osayina ekude uvumela ukujonga ngokulula okukude kunye nokubonisa imeko yesixhobo. Inika isiphelo sesiphelo sepali ezintathu ngohlobo lonxibelelwano oludadayo. Olu nxibelelwano lunokusetyenziswa njengekhefu kunye / okanye unxibelelane kwaye lunokudityaniswa ngokulula kwinkqubo yolawulo lokwakha, umlawuli wekhabhathi ye switchgear, njl.

Ixesha lokuphendula t_A

Amaxesha okuphendula ubukhulu becala abonakalisa ukusebenza kwempendulo yezinto ezikhuselweyo ezisetyenziswa ekubanjweni. Kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokunyuka kwe-du / dt yombane wempembelelo okanye i-di / dt yempembelelo yangoku, amaxesha okuphendula anokuhluka ngaphakathi kwemida ethile.

Buyisela ilahleko

Kwizicelo ezinamaxesha aphezulu, ilahleko yokubuya ibhekisa kumaninzi kwindawo "ekhokelayo" yomtshangatshangiso ebonakaliswe kwisixhobo sokhuselo (indawo yokunyuka). Lo ngumlinganiso othe ngqo wendlela isixhobo esikhuselayo esidityaniswa ngayo nokungahambelani kwenkqubo.

Ukuxhathisa kuthotho

Ukuxhathisa kwicala lokuhamba komqondiso phakathi kwegalelo kunye nokuphuma kombanjwa.

Ukhuselo lweShield

Ukudibana kwamandla afakwa kwikhebula le-coaxial kumbane okhutshwe yintambo ngokusebenzisa umqhubi wesigaba.

Izixhobo zokukhusela (SPDs)

Izixhobo zokukhusela ikakhulu zinee-resistors ezixhomekeke kumbane (varistors, suppressor diode) kunye / okanye ukushenxisa izikhewu (iindlela zokukhupha). Izixhobo zokukhusela zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela ezinye izixhobo zombane kunye nofakelo ngokuchasene nokungaxhamli okuphezulu kunye / okanye ukuseka ukubopha izixhobo. Izixhobo zokukhusela zihlelwe:

1. a) ngokokusetyenziswa kwazo:

• Ukunyuka kwezixhobo zokukhusela ukufakelwa kombane kunye nezixhobo

kumanqanaba ombane ngegama ukuya kwi-1000 V

-Ngokwe-EN 61643-11: 2012 kuhlobo lwe-1/2/3 SPDs

-Ngokwe-IEC 61643-11: 2011 eklasini I / II / III SPDs

Utshintsho kwiRed / Line. Imveliso yosapho kwimveliso entsha ye-EN 61643-11: 2012 kunye ne-IEC 61643-11: 2011 esemgangathweni iya kugqitywa ekuhambeni konyaka ka-2014.

• Ukunyuka kwezixhobo zokukhusela ukufakelwa kwetekhnoloji yolwazi kunye nezixhobo

ukukhusela izixhobo zangoku ze-elektroniki kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano kunye nokusayina uthungelwano olunamagama asezantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 V ac (ixabiso elisebenzayo) kunye ne-1500 V dc ngokuchasene ngokuthe ngqo nangokuthe ngqo kwimiphumela yombane kunye nokunye okwethutyana.

-Ngokwe-IEC 61643-21: 2009 kunye ne-EN 61643-21: 2010.

• Ukuzahlula izikhewu zentlantsi kwiinkqubo zokupheliswa komhlaba okanye ukudibanisa izixhobo
• Izixhobo zokukhusela ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic

kumanqanaba ombane ngegama ukuya kwi-1500 V

-Ngokwe-EN 50539-11: 2013 kuhlobo lwe-1/2 SPDs

1. b) ngokwamandla abo okuphuma ngoku kunye nefuthe lokhuseleko kwi:

• Umbane obanjiweyo ngoku / umbane olungelelanisiweyo wababanjwa ngoku

ukukhusela ufakelo kunye nezixhobo ngokuchaseneyo nokuphazamiseka okubangelwe ngqo okanye kufutshane ngombane (kufakwe kwimida phakathi kwe-LPZ 0_A kunye ne-1).

• Ukunyuka kwababanjiweyo

ukukhusela ufakelo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zesiphelo ngokuchasene nemibane ekude, ukutshintshela i-voltages kunye nokukhutshwa kombane (kufakwe kwimida esezantsi ye-LPZ 0_B).

• Ababanjiweyo abadibeneyo

ukukhusela ufakelo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zesiphelo ngokuchaseneyo nokuphazamiseka okubangelwe kukuhlasela kombane ngokuthe ngqo okanye okufuphi (kufakwe kwimida phakathi kwe-LPZ 0_A kunye no-1 kunye no-0_A kunye ne-2).

Idatha yobuchwephesha yezixhobo zokukhusela

Idatha yobuchwephesha yezixhobo zokukhusela kubandakanya ulwazi ngemeko yokusetyenziswa kwabo:

• Isicelo (umz. Ukufakelwa, iimeko ezingundoqo, ubushushu)
• Ukusebenza kwimeko yokuphazamiseka (umzekelo, amandla okuphuma ngoku, landela amandla okucima okwangoku, inqanaba lokhuseleko lwevolthi, ixesha lokuphendula)
• Ukusebenza ngexesha lomsebenzi (umz. Igama langoku, ukucuthwa, ukunganyangeki)
• Ukusebenza kwimeko yokungaphumeleli (umzkl. Fuse backup, disconnector, failsafe, remote signaling option)

Ukujikeleza okufutshane kukumelana namandla

Ukuma okufutshane kokuma kwesekethe lixabiso lamandla ombane anokuhamba ngesantya esinezixhobo eziphathwayo ngesixhobo sokukhusela xa isixhobo sokugcina sokugcina siphezulu siqhagamshelwe phezulu.

Ukulinganisa okufutshane-kwesekethe I_I-SCPV ye-SPD kwinkqubo ye-photovoltaic (PV)

Ubuninzi be-short-circuit yangoku engathintekiyo apho i-SPD, iyodwa okanye ngokudibeneyo nezixhobo zayo zokucinywa, iyakwazi ukumelana nayo.

Ukugqithisa okwethutyana (TOV)

Ukugqithisa okwethutyana kunokubakho kwisixhobo sokukhusela ixesha elifutshane ngenxa yesiphoso kwinkqubo yamandla ombane aphezulu. Oku kufuneka kwahlulwe ngokucacileyo kwithutyana elibangelwe kukubetha kombane okanye ukusebenza kokutshintsha, okungagqithanga kangange-1 ms. Ubungakanani beU_T kunye nexesha lokudlula kwexeshana kuchaziwe kwi-EN 61643-11 (200 ms, 5 s okanye 120 min.) Kwaye kuvavanywa ngokukodwa ii-SPD ezifanelekileyo ngokokumiswa kwenkqubo (TN, TT, njl.). I-SPD inokuthi a) isilele ngokuthembekileyo (ukhuseleko lwe-TOV) okanye b) ibe kukunganyangeki kwi-TOV (TOV ukumelana), oko kuthetha ukuba isebenza ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokulandela

Iovolthi zethutyana.

Unqanyuli

Izixhobo zokukhusela ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla ezixhotyiswe ngee-resistors ezilawulwa ngombane (varistors) ubukhulu becala zibonisa isixhobo sokudibanisa isixhobo esisebenza ngokudibeneyo nesikhupha isixhobo sokukhusela isixhobo kwimithambo yeengcingo kwimeko yomthwalo omninzi kwaye sibonisa imeko yokusebenza. Isikhupheli-siphenduli siphendula "kubushushu obukhoyo ngoku" obuveliswe yi-varistor egcweleyo kwaye sikhuphe isixhobo sokhuselo esivela kwiimitha xa kubushushu obugqithileyo. Isikhupheli senzelwe ukunqamla isixhobo esikhuselweyo sokuzikhusela ngexesha lokukhusela umlilo. Ayenzelwanga ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kunxibelelwano olungqalileyo. Umsebenzi we

ezi disconnectors zishushu zinokuvavanywa kusetyenziswa ukulayishwa okungaphezulu / ukuguga kwababanjiweyo.

Ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo okwangoku I_lilonke

Okwangoku kuhamba nge-PE, i-PEN okanye unxibelelwano lomhlaba lwe-SPD ye-multipole ngexesha lovavanyo olupheleleyo lwangoku. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukumisela umthwalo opheleleyo ukuba ngoku kuhamba ngokuhamba ngeendlela ezininzi zokukhusela ze-SPD ezininzi. Le parameter ithatha isigqibo malunga nomthamo opheleleyo wokukhutshwa oqhutywa ngokuthembekileyo lixa lomntu lowo

iindlela ze-SPD.

Inqanaba lokukhusela i-Voltage U_p

Inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi yesixhobo sokukhusela elona xabiso liphezulu kwangoko levolthi kwiitheminali zesixhobo sokukhusela, esimiselwe kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo:

-Umbane unyanzelisa amandla ombane 1.2 / 50 μs (100%)

Umbane weSparkover ngenqanaba lokunyuka kwe1kV / μs

Umlinganiso wevolthi yomda kwindawo yokukhutshwa ngegama ngoku_n

Inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi libonisa ukubanakho kwesixhobo esikhuselayo sokukhawulela ukunciphisa ama-surges kwinqanaba lentsalela. Inqanaba lokhuselo lwevolthi lichaza indawo yofakelo ngokubhekisele kudidi lwevoltage ngokwe-IEC 60664-1 kwiinkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla. Ukuze izixhobo zokukhusela zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zetekhnoloji yolwazi, inqanaba lokukhuselwa kwamandla ombane kufuneka lilungelelaniswe nenqanaba lokhuselo lwezixhobo eziza kukhuselwa (IEC 61000-4-5: 2001).

Ukucwangciswa kokukhuselwa kombane ngaphakathi kunye nokukhuselwa kokunyuka

Iimfuno zeziXhobo zoKhuselo lwaMbane lwangaphandle

Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukufaka inkqubo yokukhusela umbane yangaphandle ziya kuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zoomatshini nezombane, ezichazwe kuthotho oluqhelekileyo lwe-EN 62561-x. Izinto zokukhusela umbane zihlelwe ngokokusebenza kwazo, umzekelo izinto zonxibelelwano (EN 62561-1), abaqhubi kunye ne-electrode zomhlaba (EN 62561-2).

Ukuvavanywa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zokukhusela umbane

Izinto zokukhusela imibane yentsimbi (izibopho, abaqhubi, iintonga zokuphelisa umoya, ii-electrode zomhlaba) ezichazwe kwimozulu kufuneka zinikezwe ukwaluphala / imeko ngaphambi kokuvavanywa ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesicelo ekujongwe kuso. Ngokuhambelana ne-EN 60068-2-52 kunye ne-EN ISO 6988 izinto zentsimbi ziphantsi kokuguga okungekuko kwaye kuvavanywa ngamanyathelo amabini.

Imozulu yendalo kunye nokuvezwa kukonakala kwezinto zokukhusela umbane

Inyathelo 1: unyango lwenkungu yetyuwa

Olu vavanyo lwenzelwe izinto okanye izixhobo eziyilelwe ukumelana nokuchaphazeleka komoya wetyuwa. Izixhobo zovavanyo ziqulathe igumbi lenkungu yetyuwa apho iisampulu kuvavanywa inqanaba lokuvavanya 2 ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu. Inqanaba lovavanyo 2 libandakanya izigaba ezintathu zokutshiza ngeyure ezi-2 nganye, kusetyenziswa isisombululo se-sodium chloride (NaCl) kubushushu obuphakathi kwe-5 ° C ukuya kuma-15 ° C kulandelwe ukugcinwa kokufuma kubushushu obumalunga ne-35% kunye neqondo lobushushu lama-93 ± 40 ° C iiyure ezingama-2 ukuya kwezingama-20 ngokungqinelana ne-EN 22-60068-2.

Inyathelo 2: Ukufuma sulphurous yonyango lonyango

Olu vavanyo kukuvavanya ukunganyangeki kwezinto okanye izinto ezixineneyo zokufuma ezinesulphur dioxide ngokwe-EN ISO 6988.

Izixhobo zovavanyo (Umzobo 2) iqulathe igumbi lokuvavanya apho iisampulu

baphathwa ngoxinzelelo lwe-sulfur dioxide kwisiqwengana somthamo esingu-667 x 10-6 (± 24 x 10-6) kwimijikelo esixhenxe yovavanyo. Umjikelo ngamnye onobude be-24 h ubunjwe lixesha lokufudumeza le-8 h kubushushu be-40 ± 3 ° C kumoya ofumileyo, ogcweleyo olandelwa lixesha lokuphumla eli-16 h. Emva koko, kufudumeze umoya ofudumeleyo wesulphurous.

Omabini la macandelo osetyenziso lwangaphandle kunye nezinto ezingcwatywe emhlabeni ziphantsi kokuguga / imeko. Izinto ezingcwatyelwe emhlabeni iimfuno ezongezelelweyo kunye namanyathelo kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo. Akukho zibophelelo zealuminium okanye iikhondaktha zingangcwatywa emhlabeni. Ukuba kungcwatywa intsimbi engatyiwa mhlaba, kungasetyenziswa kuphela intsimbi engenasinxi ene-alloy ephezulu, umzekelo, iStSt (V4A). Ngokuhambelana nomgangatho waseJamani i-DIN VDE 0151, iStSt (V2A) ayivumelekanga. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ezinje ngee-equipotential bonding bar azifanelanga ukuba zibe phantsi kokuguga / imeko. Kukwanjalo nakwizinto ezifakiwe

kwikhonkrithi. La macandelo ke ahlala enziwe ngentsimbi engenantsimbi (emnyama).

Iinkqubo zokupheliswa komoya / iintonga zokuphelisa umoya

Iintonga zokupheliswa komoya zihlala zisetyenziswa njengeenkqubo zokupheliswa komoya. Ziyafumaneka kuyilo olwahlukeneyo, umzekelo ngobude be-1 m yokufakelwa ngesiseko sekhonkrithi eluphahleni olusicaba, ukuya kuthi ga kwimitha yeteleskopu yokukhusela umbane ngobude be-25 m yezityalo ze-biogas. I-EN 62561-2 icacisa ubuncinci bamacandelo eminqamlezo kunye nezinto ezivumelekileyo ezineempawu zombane kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini zokuphelisa umoya. Kwimeko yeentonga zokupheliswa komoya ezinobude obukhulu, ukumelana okuguqulwayo kwentonga yokuphelisa umoya kunye nozinzo lweenkqubo ezigqibeleleyo (intonga yokuphelisa umoya kwitrodi) kufuneka iqinisekiswe ngokwezibalo ezimileyo. Amacandelo eminqamlezo afunekayo kunye nezinto kufuneka zikhethwe ngokusekwe

kolu balo. Isantya somoya sendawo efanelekileyo yokulayisha umoya kufuneka sithathelwe ingqalelo koku kubalwa.

Ukuvavanywa kwezinto zonxibelelwano

Izinto zokudibanisa, okanye zihlala zibizwa nje ngokuba zizibambiso, zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela umbane ukudibanisa abaqhubi (umqhubi ophantsi, umqhubi womoya, ukungena komhlaba) omnye komnye okanye kufakelo.

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo uqinisa kunye nezinto uqinisa, a lot of indibaniselwano uqinisa ezahlukeneyo kunokwenzeka. Ukuhamba komqhubi kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinto ezinokubakho kuthatha isigqibo malunga noku. Uhlobo lokuhamba komqhubi luchaza indlela i-clamp edibanisa ngayo abaqhubi kumnqamlezo okanye kulungelelwaniso olufanayo.

Kwimeko yomthwalo okhoyo ngoku wombane, izibopho zixhomekeke kwimikhosi ye-electrodynamic kunye ne-thermal exhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lwendlela yokuqhuba kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-clamp. Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa izinto ezinokudityaniswa ngaphandle kokubangela umhlwa wokudibana. Indibaniselwano yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nenye kunye namandla azo oomatshini ahlukeneyo kunye neepropathi zokufudumeza zineziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwizinto zonxibelelwano xa umbane uhamba ngoku kuwo. Oku kubonakala ngokukodwa kwizinto zonxibelelwano zentsimbi (StSt) apho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ebakho ngenxa yokuqhutywa okuphantsi kwakamsinya nje ukuba imibane ibaleka ngawo. Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwangoku lombane ngokuthobela i-EN 62561-1 kufuneka lwenziwe kuzo zonke izibopho. Ukuvavanya elona tyala libi, ayisivavanywa kuphela indibaniselwano yomqhubi eyahlukeneyo, kodwa kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinto ezichazwe ngumenzi kufuneka kuvavanywe.

Uvavanyo olusekwe kumzekelo wokubanjwa kwe-MV

Ekuqaleni, inani lokudityaniswa kovavanyo kufuneka limiselwe. I-MV clamp esetyenzisiweyo yenziwe nge-stainless steel (StSt) yiyo loo nto inokudityaniswa nesinyithi, i-aluminium, iStSt kunye neekhondaktha zethusi njengoko kuchaziwe kwiTheyibhile 1. Ngapha koko, inokudityaniswa kulungelelwaniso lomnqamlezo kunye nolungelelwaniso ekufuneka luvavanyiwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho indibaniselwano yovavanyo enokubakho yesibhozo se-MV esisetyenzisiweyo (Amanani 3 no-4).

Ngokuhambelana ne-EN 62561 nganye yezi zinto zidityanisiweyo kuvavanyo kufuneka kuvavanywe iisampulu ezintathu ezifanelekileyo / ukuseta uvavanyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iisampulu ezingama-24 zale nto inye ye-MV clamp kufuneka ivavanywe ukogquma uluhlu olupheleleyo. Yonke isampulu enye inyuswe yanele

ukuqinisa torque ngokuhambelana neemfuno zesiqhelo kwaye kuphantsi kokuguga okungengokwamanyulu kusetyenziswa ityuwa kunye nokufuma sulphurous yomoya unyango njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla. Kuvavanyo lombane olulandelayo iisampulu kufuneka zifakwe kwipleyiti yokugquma (Umzobo 5).

Iimpembelelo ezintathu zangoku zombane we-10/350 μs ubume bokutshangatshangiswa nge-50 kA (umsebenzi oqhelekileyo) kunye ne-100 kA (umsebenzi onzima) usetyenziswa kulo lonke uhlobo. Emva kokulayishwa ngombane wangoku, iisampulu akufuneki zibonise iimpawu zomonakalo.

Ukongeza kuvavanyo lombane apho isampulu iphantsi kwemikhosi ye-electrodynamic kwimeko yomthwalo wombane wangoku, umthwalo we-static-mechanical wahlanganiswa kumgangatho we-EN 62561-1. Olu vavanyo lwe-static-mechanical lufuneka ngokukodwa kwizidibanisi ezifanayo, izihlanganisi ezide, njl njl.njl kwaye lwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba kunye nokubotshwa. Izinto zokudibanisa ezenziwe ngentsimbi engenasici zivavanywa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kunye nomqhubi omnye wentsimbi engenasici (kuphela umphezulu ogudileyo). Izinto zonxibelelwano, umzekelo uqinisa i-MV eboniswe kuMzobo 6, zilungiselelwe nge-torque echaziweyo kwaye emva koko zilayishwe ngomatshini oqinileyo we-900 N (± 20 N) umzuzu omnye. Ngeli xesha lovavanyo, abaqhubi akufuneki bashukume ngaphezulu kwe-millimeter kwaye izinto zonxibelelwano akufuneki zibonise iimpawu zomonakalo. Olu vavanyo longezelelekileyo loomatshini lolunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwezinto zokudibanisa kwaye kufuneka lubhalwe kwingxelo yovavanyo lomenzi ukongeza kumaxabiso ombane.

Ukuxhathisa koqhakamshelwano (olinganiswe ngaphezulu kocingo) lwesibambiso sentsimbi engenasici akufuneki ngaphezulu kwe-2.5 mΩ okanye i-1 mΩ kwimeko yezinye izinto. I-torque yokukhulula efunekayo kufuneka iqinisekiswe.

Ngenxa yoko abafaki beenkqubo zokukhusela umbane kufuneka bakhethe izinto zonxibelelwano zomsebenzi (H okanye N) onokulindelwa kwisiza. Ukubamba umsebenzi H (100 kA), umzekelo, kufuneka usetyenziselwe intonga yokuphelisa umoya (umbane opheleleyo) kunye nokubamba umsebenzi N (50 kA) kufuneka usetyenziselwe umnatha okanye kungena emhlabeni (umbane osele uhanjisiwe).

Iindlela zokuziphatha

I-EN 62561-2 ikwabeka iimfuno ezizodwa kubaqhubi ezinje ngokupheliswa komoya kunye nokuqhutywa kweekhondoritha okanye ii-electrode zomhlaba umz. Iiringi zomhlaba, umzekelo:

• Iipropathi zoomatshini (ubuncinci bokuqina kwamandla, ubuncinci bobude)
• Iipropathi zombane (ubuninzi bokuthintela)
• Umhlwa iipropathi zokumelana (ukuguga okungekuko njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla).

Iimpawu zoomatshini kufuneka zivavanywe kwaye ziqwalaselwe. Umzobo 8 ubonakalisa uvavanyo lokuseta ukuvavanya amandla eqine eekhontrakthi ezijikelezayo (umz. Ialuminium). Umgangatho wokutyabeka (ogudileyo, oqhubekayo) kunye nobuncinci bokubambelela kunye nokunamathela kwizinto ezisisiseko kubalulekile kwaye kufuneka kuvavanywe ngakumbi ukuba kugalelwe izixhobo zentsimbi (i-st / tZn).

Oku kuchazwe kumgangatho ngohlobo lovavanyo lokugoba. Ukulungiselela le njongo, isampulu egotyiweyo kwirediyasi elingana namaxesha ama-5 ebudeki bayo ukuya kwi-90 ° Ngokwenza njalo, i-specimen ayinakubonisa imiphetho ebukhali, ukwaphuka okanye ukukhutshwa. Ngapha koko, izinto zokuqhuba ziya kuba lula ukuzicwangcisa xa ufaka iinkqubo zokukhusela umbane. Iingcingo okanye ii-strips (iikhoyili) kufanele ukuba zolulwe ngokulula ngokusebenzisa i-wire straightener (isikhokelo se-pulleys) okanye nge-torsion. Ngapha koko, kufanele kube lula ukufaka / ukugoba izixhobo kulwakhiwo okanye emhlabeni. Ezi mfuno zisemgangathweni ziimpawu ezifanelekileyo zemveliso ekufuneka zibhalwe kwimakhishithi yedatha yemveliso ehambelana nayo.

I-electrode zomhlaba / iintonga zomhlaba

Iindonga zomhlaba ezahluliweyo ze-LSP zenziwe ngentsimbi ekhethekileyo kwaye zitshise ngokupheleleyo zaze zalenza ngesinyithi. Indibaniselwano yokudibanisa evumela uqhagamshelo lweentonga ngaphandle kokwandisa ububanzi yinto ekhethekileyo yeentsika zomhlaba. Zonke iintonga zibonelela ngokubhola kunye nepini.

I-EN 62561-2 icacisa iimfuno ze-electrode zomhlaba ezinje ngezinto, ijiyometri, ubuncinci bemilinganiselo kunye neepropathi zoomatshini nezombane. Ukudityaniswa kwamalungu adibanisa iintonga nganye ngamanqaku abuthathaka. Ngesi sizathu i-EN 62561-2 ifuna ukuba kwenziwe iimvavanyo ezongezelelekileyo zoomatshini kunye nezombane ukuvavanya umgangatho wokudityaniswa kwamalungu.

Kolu vavanyo, intonga ibekwa kwisikhokelo ngesitya sensimbi njengendawo yeempembelelo. Isampulu inezinti ezimbini ezidibeneyo ezinobude obungama-500 mm inye. Iimpawu ezintathu zohlobo ngalunye lwe-electrode yomhlaba ziya kuvavanywa. Isiphelo esingaphezulu kwesampulu siyachaphazeleka kusetyenziswa isando sokungcangcazela esinehammer eyaneleyo yokufaka isithuba semizuzu emibini. Isantya sokubethwa kwesando kufuneka sibe ngama-2000 ± 1000 min-1 kwaye ifuthe lamandla elinye le-stroke kufuneka libe ngama-50 ± 10 [Nm].

Ukuba ukuhlangana kuluphumelele olu vavanyo ngaphandle kweziphene ezibonakalayo, baphantsi kokuguga okungekuko kusetyenziswa inkungu yetyuwa kunye nonyango olushushu lwesulphurous. Emva koko izixokelelwano zilayishwe ngeempembelelo ezintathu zangoku zombane we-10/350 μs imilo ye-50 kA kunye ne-100 kA nganye. Ukuxhathisa koqhakamshelwano (olinganiswe ngentla kokudityaniswa) kweentonga zomhlaba zentsimbi kufuneka zingagqithi kwi-2.5 mΩ. Ukuvavanya ukuba indibaniselwano yokuhlangana idityaniswe ngokuqinileyo emva kokufakwa kulomthwalo okhoyo ngoku, amandla okuhlangana avavanywa kusetyenziswa umatshini wovavanyo oluqinileyo.

Ukufakwa kwenkqubo yokukhusela imibane kufuna ukuba izinto kunye nezixhobo zivavanywe ngokwemigangatho yakutshanje. Ukufakwa kweenkqubo zokukhusela umbane kufuneka zikhethe kwaye zifake ngokuchanekileyo izinto ngokweemfuno kwindawo yokufaka. Ukongeza kwiimfuno zoomatshini, iikhrayitheriya zombane zikwimeko yamvanje yokukhuselwa kombane kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwaye zithotyelwe.

Ukubalwa kweLayini-ukuya-kuMhlaba ngokufutshane kwiSekethe

Ubungakanani beenkqubo zokupheliswa komhlaba ngokubhekisele kubungakanani

Ukulungiselela le njongo, iimeko ezibi kakhulu kufuneka zivavanywe. Kwiinkqubo zombane ophakathi, isiphoso esiphindwe kabini emhlabeni siya kuba lelona tyala libaluleke kakhulu. Isiphoso sokuqala somhlaba (umzekelo kwisiguquli) sinokubangela isiphoso sesibini somhlaba kwesinye isigaba (umzekelo isiphene sokutywina ikhebula esingalunganga kwinkqubo yombane ophakathi). Ngokwetafile yoku-1 yomgangatho we-EN 50522 (ukufakelwa kombane okugqitha kwi-1 kV ac), isiphoso somhlaba esiphindwe kabini i-KEEE, echazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo, iya kuhamba ngokudlula kwabaqhubi bomhlaba kule meko:

Mna “kEE = 0,85 • Ndi“ k

(I "k = ezintathu-pole zokuqala symmetrical elifutshane-wesekethe yangoku)

Kufakelo lwama-20 kV kunye nokuqala kokulinganisa okufutshane okuyi-Ik's ye-16 kA kunye nexesha lokucinywa komzuzwana omnye, isiphoso esiphindwe kabini somhlaba siya kuba yi-1 kA. Ukwanela kwabaqhubi bomhlaba kunye neebhasi zebhasi emhlabeni kwisakhiwo sesikhululo okanye kwigumbi lokuguqula kufuneka libalwe ngokwexabiso. Kule meko, ukwahlulwa kwangoku kunokuqwalaselwa kwimeko yokulungiswa kweringi (into eyi-13.6 isetyenziswa xa kusenziwa). Ukucwangciswa kufuneka kusoloko kusekwe kwinkqubo yokwenyani yedatha (ukumiselwa kwenkqubo, umgca-ukuya-emhlabeni okwangoku-wesekethe yangoku, ixesha lokukhutshwa).

Umgangatho we-EN 50522 uchaza ubuninzi beesekethe zangoku ezixineneyo G (A / mm2) zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Icandelo lomnqamlezo lomqhubi limiselwe ukusuka kwizinto kunye nexesha lokucinywa.

ubalo lwangoku ngoku lwahlulwe ngokobuninzi obukhoyo G bezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye nexesha lokuqhawula elihambelanayo kunye nelona candelo lincinci A_me umqhubi uzimisele.

A_me= Ndi_{kEE (isebe)} / G [mm²]

Icandelo lomnqamlezo elibaliweyo livumela ukukhetha umqhubi. Eli candelo lomnqamlezo lihlala lijikelezwe laya kwinqanaba eliphambili elilandelayo lomnqamlezo. Kwimeko yenkqubo ehlawulelwayo, umzekelo, inkqubo yokupheliswa komhlaba uqobo (icandelo lokunxibelelana ngqo nomhlaba) ilayishwe ngomgangatho ophantsi kakhulu okt kuphela ngempazamo eseleyo yomhlaba I_E = rx mna_RES kuncitshiswe ngumbandela r. Le yangoku ayidluli kwi-10 A kwaye inokuhamba ngokusisigxina ngaphandle kweengxaki ukuba kusetyenziswa amacandelo aqhelekileyo omhlaba wokuwela.

Amacandelo eminqamlezo amancinci e-electrode zomhlaba

Amacandelo omnqamlezo asezantsi ngokubhekisele kumandla oomatshini kunye nokubola achazwe kumgangatho waseJamani we-DIN VDE 0151 (Izinto kunye nobukhulu obuncinci bee-electrode zomhlaba ngokubhekisele kumhlwa).

Umthwalo womoya kwimeko yeenkqubo zokupheliswa komoya ezizimeleyo ngokwe-Eurocode 1

Iimeko zemozulu ezixhomis 'amehlo ziyakhula kwihlabathi lonke ngenxa yokufudumala komhlaba. Iziphumo ezinje ngesantya somoya esiphakamileyo, inani elonyukayo lezaqhwithi kunye nemvula enkulu ayinakuhoywa. Ke ngoko, abayili kunye nabafakeli ziya kujongana nemiceli mngeni emitsha ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwimithwalo yomoya. Oku akuchaphazeli kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo (i-statics yesakhiwo), kodwa kunye neenkqubo zokupheliswa komoya.

Kwicandelo lokhuseleko lombane, imigangatho ye-DIN 1055-4: 2005-03 kunye ne-DIN 4131 sele isetyenzisiwe njengesiseko sokulinganisa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. NgoJulayi ka-2012, le migangatho yathatyathelwa indawo ziiEurocode ezibonelela ngemigaqo yoyilo oluhleliwe ngokubanzi yaseYurophu (ukucwangciswa kwezakhiwo).

Umgangatho we-DIN 1055-4: 2005-03 wadityaniswa kwi-Eurocode 1 (EN 1991-1-4: Izenzo kwizakhiwo-Icandelo 1-4: Amanyathelo ngokubanzi-iintshukumo zomoya) kunye ne-DIN V 4131: 2008-09 kwi-Eurocode 3 ( EN 1993-3-1: Icandelo 3-1: Iitowers, iimasti kunye neetshimini - Towers kunye neemasti). Ke, le migangatho mibini yenza isiseko sokunciphisa ukupheliswa komoya kweenkqubo zokukhusela umbane, nangona kunjalo, i-Eurocode 1 ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ezi paramitha zilandelayo zisetyenziselwa ukubala owona moya ulindelweyo kulindeleke:

• Indawo yomoya (iJamani yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane omoya anezantya ezahlukeneyo zomoya)
• Udidi lomhlaba (iindidi zomhlaba zichaza ubume besakhiwo)
• Ukuphakama kwento ngaphezu komgangatho womhlaba
• Ukuphakama kwendawo (ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800 m ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle)

Ezinye izinto ezinefuthe njenge:

• Ukucima
• Beka indawo kummango okanye encotsheni yenduli
• Ukuphakama kwento ngaphezulu kwama-300 m
• Ukuphakama komhlaba ngaphezu kwe-800 m (inqanaba lolwandle)

kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngendawo ethile yokufaka kwaye kufuneka zibalwe zodwa.

Ukudityaniswa kweeparameter ezahlukeneyo kukhokelela kwisantya somoya esiza kusetyenziswa njengesiseko sokunciphisa iinkqubo zokupheliswa komoya kunye nolunye ufakelo olunjengabaqhubi bendandatho ephezulu. Kwikhathalogu yethu, esona santya siphezulu somoya sichaziwe kwiimveliso zethu ukuze sikwazi ukumisela inani elifunekayo leziseko zekhonkrithi ngokuxhomekeke kwisantya somoya onamandla, umzekelo kwimeko yeenkqubo zokuphelisa umoya ezikude. Oku akuvumeli kuphela ukumisela uzinzo olungagungqiyo, kodwa kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima obuyimfuneko kwaye ke umthwalo wophahla.

Inqaku elibalulekileyo:

“Isantya somoya esiphakamileyo” esichaziweyo kule khathalogu yezinto ezizodwa zichongiwe ngokweemfuno ezithile zokubala zaseJamani ze-Eurocode 1 (DIN EN 1991-1-4 / NA: 2010-12) esekwe kummandla womoya Imephu yaseJamani kunye nelizwe elithile elinxulumene nelizwe elithile.

Xa usebenzisa iimveliso zekhathalogu kwamanye amazwe, izinto ezichaphazela ilizwe elithile kunye nezinye iindlela zokubala ezikhoyo, ukuba zikhona, ezichazwe kwi-Eurocode 1 (EN 1991-1-4) okanye kweminye imimiselo yokubala ekuhlaleni (ngaphandle kweYurophu) iqatshelwe. Ngenxa yoko, isantya somoya esiphakamileyo esikhankanywe kule khathalogu sisebenza kuphela eJamani kwaye kukuziqhelanisa nje namanye amazwe. Isantya somoya omkhulu kufuneka sibalwe ngokutsha ngokweendlela zokubala zelizwe elithile!

Xa ufaka iintonga zokupheliswa komoya kwiziseko zekhonkrithi, ulwazi / isantya somoya onamandla kwitafile kufuneka siqwalaselwe. Olu lwazi lusebenza kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokupheliswa komoya (Al, St / tZn, Cu kunye neStSt).

Ukuba iintonga zokupheliswa komoya zilungisiwe kusetyenziswa izithuba, izibalo zisekwe kulongezo lungezantsi lokufakwa.

Esona santya siphezulu sivumelekileyo somoya sichaziwe kwiimveliso ezifanelekileyo kwaye kufuneka siqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa / kufakwa. Amandla oomatshini aphezulu anokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa umzkl inkxaso ye-angled (spacers ezimbini ezilungiselelwe unxantathu) (ngesicelo).