Ukukhuselwa kwesiXhobo soKhuseleko kwiSixhobo (i-AC kunye ne-DC POWER, i-DATALINE, i-COAXIAL, i-GAS TUBES)

Isixhobo soKhuselo lweSurge (okanye i-surge suppressor okanye i-surge diverter) sisixhobo okanye isixhobo esenzelwe ukukhusela izixhobo zombane kwii-voltage spikes. Umkhuseli oqhubayo uzama ukunciphisa umda wombane onikezelwe kwisixhobo sombane ngokuthintela okanye ukunqumlela emhlabeni nawuphi na umthamo ongafunekiyo ngaphezulu komqobo okhuselekileyo. Eli nqaku ikakhulu lixoxa ngenkcazo kunye nezinto ezifanelekileyo kuhlobo lomkhuseli ojika (ezimfutshane) i-voltage spike emhlabeni; Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindlela zokugubungela.

Ibha yamandla enomkhuseli owakhelweyo ngaphakathi kunye neendawo ezininzi
Amagama esixhobo sokukhusela (SPD) kunye nokunyanzelwa kwamandla okuhambisa umbane (TVSS) isetyenziselwa ukuchaza izixhobo zombane ezifakwe kwiiphaneli zokuhambisa amandla, iinkqubo zolawulo lweenkqubo, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokwenza umsebenzi onzima, ngenjongo yokukhusela ngokuchasene ukunyuka kombane kunye neepikhi, kubandakanya ezo zibangelwe ngumbane. Iinguqulelo ezincitshisiweyo zezi zixhobo ngamanye amaxesha zifakelwa kwiindawo zokungena zombane kwiipaneli zombane, ukukhusela izixhobo ekhayeni kwiingozi ezifanayo.

Uvavanyo lweCandelo loKhuseleko lwe-AC

Amagqabantshintshi oVavanyo lwexeshana

Abasebenzisi bezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nomnxeba kunye neenkqubo zokuqhubekeka kwedatha kufuneka bajongane nengxaki yokugcina ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngaphandle kokudlula kwexeshana okubangelwa ngumbane. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zoku (1) inqanaba eliphezulu lokudityaniswa kwezinto ze-elektroniki zenza ukuba izixhobo zibe sesichengeni ngakumbi, (2) ukuphazamiseka kwenkonzo akwamkelekanga (3) uthungelwano lokuhambisa idatha lugubungela imimandla emikhulu kwaye lubhengeza ukuphazamiseka okungakumbi.

Ukudlula okwethutyana kunezizathu ezintathu eziphambili:

• Umbane
• Imizi mveliso kunye nokutshintsha
• Ukuchithwa kwe-Electrostatic (ESD)

Umbane

Umbane, ophandwe okokoko uphando lokuqala lukaBenjamin Franklin ngo-1749, uye waba sisoyikiso kuluntu lwethu olunobuchwephesha.

Ukwakhiwa kombane

Umbane uveliswa phakathi kwemimandla emibini ejongene nokuhlawulwa okuchaseneyo, phakathi kwamafu amabini okanye phakathi kwelifu elinye kunye nomhlaba.

Ifleshi inokuhamba iimayile ezininzi, iqhubela phambili emhlabeni ngokuxhuma ngokulandelelana: inkokeli yenza ijelo elinobuchule obukhulu. Xa ifika emhlabeni, isibane sokwenyani okanye ukubuyela kwesibetho kwenzeka. Okwangoku kumashumi amawaka e-Amperes aya kuthi emva koko ahambe ukusuka emhlabeni aye kwilifu okanye ngolunye uhlobo ngejelo le-ionized.

Umbane ngqo

Ngomzuzu wokukhutshwa, kukho ukuhamba ngoku okunyanzelekileyo okususela kwi-1,000 ukuya kwi-200,000 ye-Amperes incopho, kunye nexesha lokuphakama malunga nee-microsecond ezimbalwa. Esi siphumo ngokuthe ngqo yinto encinci kumonakalo kwiinkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki kuba ibekwe kakhulu kwindawo.
Olona khuseleko lubalaseleyo iseyintonga yombane yeklasikhi okanye iNkqubo yokuKhuselwa kombane (i-LPS), eyilelwe ukubamba ukukhutshwa ngoku kwaye uyiqhube kwindawo ethile.

Iziphumo ezingathanga ngqo

Zintathu iintlobo zeziphumo zombane ezingangqalanga:

Impembelelo kumgca ongaphezulu

Imigca enjalo ibhencekile kwaye inokubethwa ngokuthe ngqo ngumbane, oya kuthi kuqala utshabalalise iintambo, kwaye emva koko ubangele ukuqhuma okuphezulu okuhamba ngokwendalo kunye nabaqhubi ukuya kwizixhobo ezinxulumene nomgca. Ubungakanani bomonakalo buxhomekeke kumgama phakathi kwesitrayikhi kunye nezixhobo.

Ukunyuka kwamandla emhlaba

Ukuhamba kombane emhlabeni kubangela ukonyuka okunokubakho komhlaba okwahluka ngokobuninzi obukhoyo ngoku kunye nokusilela komhlaba wasekhaya. Kufakelo olunokudityaniswa kumabala aliqela (umz. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwezakhiwo), uqhankqalazo luya kubangela umahluko omkhulu kakhulu onokubakho kwaye izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano oluchaphazelekayo ziya kutshatyalaliswa okanye ziphazamiseke kakhulu.

Imitha yombane

Ifleshi inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njenge-eriyali kangangeemayile ezili-1 eziphakamileyo ethwele impembelelo yangoku yeshumi leekhilo-amperes, ikhupha imitha ye-electromagnetic (i-kV / m ezininzi ngaphezulu kwe-XNUMXkm). La masimi abangela amandla ombane kunye nemisinga kwimigca ekufutshane okanye kwizixhobo. Ixabiso lixhomekeke kumgama osuka kwifleshi kunye neepropathi zekhonkco.

Ukunyuka kwamashishini
Ukunyuka kwamashishini kugubungela into ebangelwe kukucima okanye ukucima imithombo yamandla ombane.
Ukunyuka kwemizi-mveliso kubangelwa:

• Ukuqala kweemoto okanye iinguqu
• I-neon kunye ne-sodium light starters
• Ukutshintsha iinethiwekhi zamandla
• Tshintshela "bounce" kwisekethe eqhubayo
• Ukusebenza kweefusi kunye nabaphuli besekethe
• Ukuwa kwemigca yamandla
• Abafowunelwa abampofu okanye abaphakathi

Ezi zinto zivelisayo zidlula kwi-kV ezininzi ngokunyuka kwamaxesha okulandelelana kwe-microsecond, izixhobo eziphazamisayo kuthungelwano apho umthombo wokuphazamiseka uqhagamshelwe khona.

Ukugqitha kwe-Electrostatic

Ngombane, umntu unamandla aqala kwi-100 ukuya kwi-300 yeepikofaradi kwaye angathatha intlawulo eyi-15kV ngokuhamba ekhaphethini, emva koko achukumise into ethile eqhubayo kwaye akhutshwe kwimicroconds ezimbalwa, ngoku kukho malunga nee-Amperes ezilishumi . Zonke iisekethe ezimanyanisiweyo (i-CMOS, njl. Njl.) Zisemngciphekweni kolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka, oluhlala lupheliswa kukhuselo kunye nomhlaba.

Iziphumo zokungaphaya kobushushu

Ukugcwala ngaphezulu kuneentlobo ezininzi zeziphumo kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki ngokulandelelana kokubaluleka:

Intshabalalo:

• Ukuqhekeka kweVoltage yokuhlangana kweesemiconductor
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kokubophelela kwezinto
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kweetraki zePCB okanye abafowunelwa
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilingo / i-thyristors yi-dV / dt.

Ungenelelo kwimisebenzi:

• Ukusebenza ngokungahleliwe kwee-latches, ii-thyristors kunye nee-triacs
• Ukuchithwa kwememori
• Iimpazamo zenkqubo okanye ukungqubana
• Idatha kunye neempazamo zokuhambisa

Ukuguga kwangaphambili:

Izinto ezivezwe kukungaphaya kobomi zinobomi obufutshane.

Izixhobo zokuKhusela

Isixhobo soKhuselo lweSurge (SPD) sisisombululo esaziwayo nesisebenzayo sokusombulula ingxaki yeovoltage. Iziphumo ezinkulu, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka zikhethwe ngokomngcipheko wesicelo kwaye zifakelwe ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yobugcisa.

Isishwankathelo seSixhobo soKhuseleko lwaMandla oMbane weDC

Imvelaphi kunye nokuqwalaselwa koKhuseleko

I-Utility-Interactive okanye i-Grid-Tie Solar Photovoltaic (PV) yeNkqubo zifuna kakhulu kwaye zibiza iiprojekthi. Bahlala befuna ukuba iSolar PV System isebenze amashumi aliqela eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ivelise imbuyekezo oyifunayo kutyalo-mali.
Abavelisi abaninzi baya kuqinisekisa inkqubo yobomi engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 ngelixa i-inverter iqinisekisiwe ngokubanzi iminyaka emi-5-10 kuphela. Zonke iindleko kunye nembuyiselo kutyalo-mali zibalwa ngokusekwe kula maxesha. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkqubo ze-PV azifikeleli ekuvuthweni ngenxa yokuvezwa kwezi zicelo kunye nokunxibelelana kwakhona kubuyela kwigridi yesixhobo se-AC. Uluhlu lwe-PV yelanga, kunye nesakhelo sayo sentsimbi kwaye ibekwe kwindawo evulekileyo okanye eluphahleni, isebenza njengentonga yombane elungileyo kakhulu. Ngesi sizathu, kububulumko ukutyala imali kwisixhobo esiKhuselayo sokukhusela okanye i-SPD ukuphelisa ezi zinto zinokubangela izoyikiso kwaye ngaloo ndlela sandise ixesha lokuphila. Iindleko zenkqubo yokukhusela ngokubanzi ingaphantsi kwe-1% yenkcitho yenkcitho iyonke. Qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa izinto ezi-UL1449 4th Edition kwaye zii-Type 1 Compound Assemblies (1CA) zokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yakho ineyona ntsholongwane ikhuselekileyo ifumanekayo kwintengiso.

Ukuhlalutya inqanaba lesoyikiso elipheleleyo lofakelo, kufuneka senze uvavanyo lomngcipheko.

• Umngcipheko wokuSebenza kweXesha lokuSebenza-Iindawo ezinombane omkhulu kunye namandla okusetyenziswa okungazinzanga asesichengeni.
• Umngcipheko wokuQhagamshelwa kwamandla - Ubukhulu bommandla wobume be-PV yelanga, ukubekeka ngakumbi kumbane kunye / okanye kumbane wombane.
• Umngcipheko woMmandla weSicelo-Igridi yokusetyenziswa kwe-AC yindawo enokubakho yokutshintsha okwethutyana kunye / okanye imibane ebengezelelweyo.
• Umngcipheko weJografi - Iziphumo zexesha lokuphumla azikhawulelwanga kuphela kutshintsho lwezixhobo. Ilahleko ezongezelelekileyo zinokubangelwa ziiodolo ezilahlekileyo, abasebenzi abangasebenziyo, ixesha elongezelelekileyo, ukungoneliseki kwabathengi / kulawulo, ukuhlawuliswa ngokukhawuleza kwempahla kunye neendleko zokuhambisa ezikhawulezayo.

Cebisa iZenzo

1) Inkqubo yeeNdlebe

AbaKhuseli boKhuselo bayasusa inkqubo yokomhlaba. Umendo womhlaba ophantsi we-impedance, kwimeko efanayo, kubalulekile ukuba abakhuseli bokusebenza basebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Zonke iisistim zamandla, iintambo zonxibelelwano, izinto ezingaphantsi kunye nezingasetyenziswanga zesinyithi kufuneka zibotshelelwe ukuze zikhuseleke ukuze isikhephe sisebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

2) Uqhagamshelo olungaphantsi komhlaba oluvela kwi-PV yangaphandle yoLuhlu lwezixhobo zoLawulo loMbane

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, unxibelelwano phakathi kweSolar PV Array yangaphandle kunye nezixhobo zolawulo lwamandla lwangaphakathi kufuneka zibephantsi komhlaba okanye zikhuselwe ngombane ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubetha ngokuthe ngqo kunye / okanye ukudibanisa.

3) Isikimu soKhuselo esiLungelelanisiweyo

Onke amandla afumanekayo kunye neenethiwekhi zonxibelelwano kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokhuseleko lokunyuka ukuphelisa ukuba semngciphekweni kwenkqubo ye-PV. Oku kungabandakanya umbane osisiseko wombane we-AC, ukuphuma kwe-Inverter AC, igalelo le-PV, isixhobo sokudibanisa umtya kunye nezinye iindlela ezinxulumene nedatha / imiqondiso enje ngeGigabit Ethernet, RS-485, 4-20mA loop yangoku, PT-100, RTD, kunye iimodem zomnxeba.

Umgca weDatha wokuKhuselwa kwesixhobo sokujonga ngokubanzi

Isishwankathelo soMgca weDatha

Izixhobo zonxibelelwano ngocingo kunye nedatha (i-PBX, iimodem, iisetingi zedatha, iisenzi, njlnjl.) Zisengozini yokunyuka kombane. Baye baba novakalelo ngakumbi, banzima kwaye banobungozi obonyukayo bokunyuka ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwabo okunokwenzeka kunethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkampani zonxibelelwano kunye nokulungiswa kolwazi. Kananjalo, kububulumko ukubakhusela kwezi zinto zibiza kakhulu nezinokuphazamisa. Umkhuseli womgca wedatha ofakelwe kwi-intanethi, ngokuthe ngqo phambi kwesiqwenga esibuthathaka sokwandisa ubomi babo obuncedo kunye nokugcina ukuqhubeka kokuhamba kolwazi lwakho.

Itekhnoloji yoKhuselo lweSurge

Zonke iifowuni ze-LSP kunye nokukhuselwa komgca wedatha kusekwe kwisekethe ye-hybridi ethembekileyo edibanisa umsebenzi onzima weeThubhu zokuKhutshwa kweGesi (GDTs) kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kweSilicon Avalanche Diode (SADs). Olu hlobo lwesekethe lubonelela,

• I-5kA yokuKhutshwa ngokuSasazwayo ngoku (amaxesha ali-15 ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa nge-IEC 61643)
• Ngaphantsi kwesi-1 sempendulo ye-nanosecond
• Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kukhuselekile
• Uyilo lwe-capacitance ephantsi lucutha ilahleko yomqondiso

Iiparameter zokukhetha uMkhuseli woNyuko

Ukukhetha isikhuseli esifanelekileyo sokufakela ufakelo lwakho, gcina oku kulandelayo engqondweni:

• Igama kunye neLayini eziBanzi zeVoltage
• Ubuninzi beLayini yangoku
• Inani leeLayini
• Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha
• Uhlobo lweSinxibelelanisi (Isiphelo seTheminali, RJ, ATT110, QC66)
• Ukunyuka (i-Din Rail, iNtaba engaphezulu)

ufakelo

Ukuze usebenze kakuhle, umkhuseli wokunyuka kufuneka afakelwe ngokungqinelana nale migaqo ilandelayo.

Indawo yomhlaba okhusela isikhuseli kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo kufuneka ibotshwe.
Ukhuseleko lufakwe ekungeneni kwenkonzo yofakelo ukuze kuthathwe into yangoku ngokukhawuleza.
Umkhuseli wokunyuka kufuneka afakwe kufutshane, ngaphantsi kwe-90 yeenyawo okanye iimitha ezingama-30) kwizixhobo ezikhuselweyo. Ukuba lo mthetho awunakulandelwa, kufuneka kukhuselwe abakhuseli besekondari kufutshane nezixhobo.
Umqhubi womhlaba (phakathi kokuphuma komhlaba komkhuseli kunye nokufakwa kwesekethe yokubopha) kufuneka ube mfutshane ngangokunokwenzeka (ungaphantsi kwe-1.5 yeenyawo okanye i-0.50 yeemitha) kwaye unendawo enqamlezileyo enobuncinane be-2.5 mm isikwere.
Ukuxhathisa umhlaba kufuneka kuhambelane nekhowudi yombane yendawo. Akukho mhlaba ukhethekileyo uyimfuneko.
Iintambo ezikhuselekileyo nezingakhuselekanga kufuneka zigcinwe zicocekile ukunciphisa umda wokudibanisa.

IMIGANGATHO

Imigangatho yovavanyo kunye neengcebiso zokufakwa kwabakhuseli bomgca wonxibelelwano kufuneka bathobele le migangatho ilandelayo:

I-UL497B: Abakhuseli boNxibelelwano lweDatha kunye neAlarm-Alarm Circuits
IEC 61643-21: Uvavanyo lwabaKhuseli beSurge kwiiNdawo zoNxibelelwano
IEC 61643-22; Ukukhetha / ukufakelwa kwabaKhuseli beSurge kwiiNdawo zoNxibelelwano
I-NF EN 61643-21: Uvavanyo lwabaKhuseli beSurge kwiiNdawo zoNxibelelwano
Isikhokelo se-UTE C15-443: Ukukhetha / ukufakwa kwabaKhuseli beSurge

Iimeko ezizodwa: Iinkqubo zokuKhusela uMbane

Ukuba ulwakhiwo kufuneka lukhuselwe luxhotyiswe nge-LPS (iNkqubo yoKhuselo lweMbane), abakhuseli bokunyuka kweefowuni okanye imigca yedatha efakwe kwisango lenkonzo yezakhiwo kufuneka bavavanywe kumbane oshukumayo othe ngqo we-10 / 350us ifom yomtshangatshangiso ubuncinci Ukuqhubekeka okwangoku kwe-2.5kA (uvavanyo lwecandelo le-D1 IEC-61643-21).

Ukukhuselwa kweCoaxial Surge Device Overview

Ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano kunomathotholo

Izixhobo zonxibelelwano zikanomathotholo ezithunyelwe kwizicelo ezisisigxina, ezihambahambayo okanye eziziimfonomfono zisemngciphekweni ngakumbi kukrozo lombane ngenxa yesicelo sazo kwiindawo eziveziweyo. Olona phazamiso luxhaphakileyo kwinkqubela phambili yenkonzo lubangelwa kukudubuleka okwethutyana okuvela kumbane ngokuthe ngqo ukuya kwipali ye-eriyali, inkqubo engqonge umhlaba okanye ukufakwa kunxibelelwano phakathi kwezi ndawo zimbini.
Izixhobo zikanomathotholo ezisetyenziswa kwizikhululo zeCDMA, GSM / UMTS, WiMAX okanye TETRA, kufuneka ziwuthathele ingqalelo lo mngcipheko ukuze ziqinisekise ngenkonzo engaphazanyiswa. I-LSP ibonelela ngeendlela ezintathu zokukhusela itekhnoloji yeRadio Frequency (RF) yemigca yokunxibelelana efaneleke ngokukodwa kwiimfuno zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo nganye.

I-RF yoKhuseleko lweTekhnoloji
Ukukhuselwa kwePetroli ye-Tube Tube
Uthotho lwe-P8AX

Ukukhutshwa kweGesi yokuKhutshwa kweGesi (GDT) DC yokuKhuselwa kokuPasa kuphela kwento yokukhusela enokusebenziseka kunikezelo oluphezulu kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 GHz) ngenxa yomgangatho ophantsi kakhulu. Kwi-GDT esekwe kukukhusela isikhuseli sokukhusela, i-GDT iqhagamshelwe ngokuhambelana phakathi komqhubi ophakathi kunye nekhaka langaphandle. Isixhobo sisebenza xa kufikelelwa kumbane waso we-sparkover, ngexesha lokuphakama kombane kunye nomgca ufutshane (i-arc voltage) kwaye uphambukisiwe kude nezixhobo ezibuthathaka. Umbane we-sparkover uxhomekeke ekuphakameni okuphambili kwe-overvoltage. Ukuphakama kwe-dV / dt ye-overvoltage, kokukhona inyusa amandla ombane okhusela isikhuseli. Xa i-overvoltage inyamalala, ityhubhu yokukhutshwa kwerhasi ibuyela kwindawo yayo yesiqhelo, efakwe ubushushu kakhulu kwaye ikulungele ukusebenza kwakhona.
I-GDT ibanjwe kumnini eyilelwe ngokukodwa eyonyusa ukuqhutywa ngexesha leziganeko ezinkulu zokuqhubela phambili kwaye isasuswa ngokulula ukuba ulondolozo luyafuneka ngenxa yokuphela kwemeko yobomi. Uthotho lwe-P8AX lunokusetyenziswa kwimigca ye-coaxial eqhuba ii-voltages ze-DC ukuya kuthi ga- / + 48V DC.

Ukukhuselwa kweHybrid
Ukupasa kweDC-uthotho lweCXF60
I-DC ivinjiwe-uthotho lwe-CNP-DCB

Ukukhuselwa kwePass Hybrid DC ngumbutho wezinto zokucoca kunye netyhubhu yokukhutshwa kwerhasi enzima (GDT). Olu luyilo lubonelela ngentsalela esemagqabini asezantsi evumela ukuphazamiseka kumaza ombane asezantsi ngenxa yokudlula kombane kwaye nangoku kunika amandla okuphuma okuphezulu okwangoku.

Ikota yeWave DC yokuKhuselwa okuKhuselekileyo
PRC uthotho

Ikota yokuVikela DC uKhuselo oluValiweyo sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokupasa kwebhendi. Ayinayo into esebenzayo. Endaweni yokuba umzimba kunye ne-stub ehambelana nayo zilungiselelwe ikota enye yobude obuthandwayo. Oku kuvumela kuphela ibhendi yokuhamba rhoqo ukuba idlule kwiyunithi. Kuba umbane usebenza kuphela kumboniso omncinci kakhulu, ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa kHz ukuya kwi-MHz embalwa, wona kunye nawo onke amanye amaza afutshane ajikeleziswa emhlabeni. Itekhnoloji ye-PRC inokukhethelwa ibhendi emxinwa kakhulu okanye ibhendi ebanzi kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Isithintelo ekuphela kwaso sokudubula ngoku luhlobo lwesinxibelelanisi esidibeneyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, isinxibelelanisi se-7/16 seDin sinokuphatha i-100kA 8 / 20us ngelixa isinxibelelanisi sohlobo lwe-N sinokuphatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50kA 8 / 20us.

IMIGANGATHO

I-UL497E-abakhuseli bee-Antenna eziKhokelayo kwii-Conductor

Iiparameter zokukhetha uMkhuseli woKhuseleko lweCoaxial

Ulwazi olufunekayo ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo umkhuseli wokunyuka kwesicelo sakho lulandelayo:

• Range Ubuninzi
• Umbane weLine
• Udidi Connector
• Uhlobo lwesini
• Ayanda
• Technology

Ufakelo

Ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo komkhuseli wokukhusela i-coaxial ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kunxibelelwano lwayo kwinkqubo yokumisa ephantsi. Le mithetho ilandelayo kufuneka ithotyelwe ngokungqongqo:

• Inkqubo yokuXhobisa izixhobo: Zonke izikhombisi ezihlanganisayo zofakelo kufuneka zinxibelelene kwaye ziqhagamshelene kwakhona kwinkqubo yomhlaba.
• Uqhagamshelo lwe-Impedance esezantsi: Umkhuseli okhulayo we-coaxial kufuneka abe noqhagamshelo oluphantsi lokumelana neNkqubo yoMhlaba.
  

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Ubume bokukhutshwa kweRhasi

Ukukhuselwa kweeNxalenye zeBhodi yePC

Izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezisekwe kunamhlanje ezisesichengeni ziya zisengozini yokunyuka kombane kunye nokutshintsha kombane ngenxa yokuba ziye zanolwazelelelo, kwaye zinzima ukukhusela ngenxa yoxinano lwazo oluphezulu lwe-chip, imisebenzi ye-logic yokubini kunye nonxibelelwano kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo zibaluleke kunxibelelwano lwenkampani kunye nokulungiswa kolwazi kwaye zihlala zinokuba nefuthe kumgca osezantsi; ngenxa yoko kububulumko ukuba uqiniseke ngokuchasene nezi ziganeko zibiza kakhulu kwaye ziphazamise. Ityhubhu yokuKhupha iGesi okanye i-GDT inokusetyenziswa njengecandelo elizimeleyo okanye idityaniswe namanye amacandelo ukwenza isekethe yokukhusela iindawo ezininzi-ityhubhu yegesi isebenza njengeyona nto iphambili yokuphatha amandla. Ii-GDT zihlala zithunyelwa kukhuseleko lonxibelelwano kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedatha yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane ngenxa yamandla asezantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, babonelela ngezibonelelo ezinomtsalane kumgca wamandla we-AC kubandakanya ukungabikho kokuvuza ngoku, ukuphatha amandla aphezulu kunye nokuphela okungcono kweempawu zobomi.

UKUHLAWULWA KWEENKONZO ZETHUBU ZOBUGCISA

Umbhobho wokukhupha irhasi unokuthathwa njengohlobo lokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza okukhulu ukuba neempawu zokuziphatha ezitshintsha ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, xa kwenzeka ukonakala, ukusuka kwisekethe evulekileyo ukuya kwisiphaluka esifutshane (i-arc voltage malunga ne-20V). Kukho imimandla emine esebenzayo ekuziphatheni kombhobho okhupha irhasi:

I-GDT inokuthathwa njengokutshintsha kokusebenza ngokukhawuleza okukhulu ekufuneka iqhubile iipropathi ezitshintsha ngokukhawuleza xa kwenzeka ukonakala kwaye kuguquka ukusuka kwisekethe evulekileyo ukuya kwisekethe emfutshane. Isiphumo yi-arc voltage malunga ne-20V DC. Kukho amanqanaba amane okusebenza ngaphambi kokuba ityhubhu itshintshe ngokupheleleyo.

• Indawo engasebenziyo: Iphawuleka ngokunganyangekiyo kokugquma okungapheliyo.
• Ukukhanya kwesizinda: Ngexesha lokonakala, ukuqhuba kukonyuka ngesiquphe. Ukuba okwangoku kukhutshwa ityhubhu yokukhupha irhasi ingaphantsi kwe-0.5A (ixabiso elirhabaxa elahlukileyo kwicandelo ukuya kwicandelo), umbane ophantsi kwiziphelo uya kuba kuluhlu lwe-80-100V.
• Ulawulo lwe-Arc: Njengokunyuka okwangoku, ityhubhu yokukhutshwa kwerhasi isuka kwi-voltage esezantsi iye kwi-arc voltage (20V). Yiyo le thambeka ukuba ityhubhu yokukhutshwa kwerhasi isebenze kakhulu kuba ukukhutshwa ngoku kungafikelela kumawaka aliwaka amperes ngaphandle kombane wearc kuzo zonke iitheminali.
• Ukupheliswa: Kwivolthi yokuthambeka ngokulinganayo elingana nevolthi ephantsi, ityhubhu yokukhutshwa kwerhasi igubungela iipropathi zayo zokuqala zokugquma.

Uqwalaselo lwe-3-Electrode

Ukukhusela umgca wocingo-mbini (umzekelo, isibini sefowuni) ngee-2-i-electrode zokukhupha iityhubhu kunokubangela le ngxaki ilandelayo:
Ukuba umgca okhuselweyo uphantsi kombane ogqithisileyo kwimo yesiqhelo, ukusasazeka kwe-spark overvoltages (+/- 20%), enye yeetyhubhu zokukhupha irhasi zibetha ngaphezulu kwexesha elifutshane kakhulu phambi kwezinye (ngesiqhelo ii-microsecond ezimbalwa), Ucingo olune-spark over luye lwasekwa (ukungahoyi i-arc voltages), kuguqula i-overvoltage yendlela eqhelekileyo ibe yimowudi yokwahlulahlula kwendlela. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kwizixhobo ezikhuselweyo. Umngcipheko uyanyamalala xa ityhubhu yesibini ikhupha ityhubhu ircs ngaphezulu (ii-microseconds ezimbalwa kamva).
I-3-electrode geometry ishenxisa le ngxaki. I-spark ngaphezulu kwepali enye ibangela ukonakala ngokubanzi kwesixhobo phantse kwangoko (ii-nanoseconds ezimbalwa) kuba inye kuphela indawo egcwele igesi egcwele indawo yokuhlala kuzo zonke ii-electrode ezichaphazelekayo.

Ukuphela kobomi

Iityhubhu zokukhupha igesi ziyilelwe ukumelana neempembelelo ezininzi ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa okanye ukulahleka kweempawu zokuqala (iimvavanyo zempembelelo eqhelekileyo ngamaxesha ali-10 x 5kA iimpembelelo zepolarity nganye).

Kwelinye icala, uzinzo oluphezulu kakhulu oluzinzileyo, okt i-10A rms kwimizuzwana eyi-15, ngokulinganisa ukuphuma kumtya wamandla we-AC kumnxeba wonxibelelwano kwaye kuya kuyithatha ngokukhawuleza i-GDT.

Ukuba ukuphela kobomi obungaphephekiyo kuyafuneka, okt isekethe emfutshane eya kuthi ichaze isiphoso kumsebenzisi wokugqibela xa kufunyenwe isiphoso somgca, ityhubhu yokukhutshwa kwerhasi enendawo ekhuselekileyo (isekethe yangaphandle) kufuneka ikhethwe .

Ukukhetha ityhubhu yokuTsala iRhasi

• Ulwazi olufunekayo ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo umkhuseli wokunyuka kwesicelo sakho lulandelayo:
  I-DC ibangela ngaphezulu kwevolthi (iivolthi)
• Impembelelo yentsingiselo ngaphezulu kwevolthi (IiVolts)
• Ukukhutshwa komthamo wangoku (kA)
• Ukuxhathisa i-Insulation (Gohms)
• Amandla (pF)
• Ukunyuka (iNtaba ePhakamileyo, iiNdlela eziPhakathi, ukuKhokelela kwesiko, uMgcini)
• Ukupakisha (iTape & Reel, Ammo pack)

Uluhlu lwe-DC lubangela amandla ombane akhoyo:

• Ubuncinci be-75V
• Umndilili we-230V
• Ixabiso eliphezulu 500V
• Ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu i-1000 ukuya kwi-3000V

* Ukunyamezeleka kumbane wokuqhekeka ngokubanzi +/- 20%

Ukukhutshwa kwangoku

Oku kuxhomekeke kwiipropathi zerhasi, umthamo kunye nezinto ze-electrode kunye nonyango lwayo. Olu lolona phawu luphambili lwe-GDT kunye nolwahlula kwelinye isixhobo sokhuselo, okt Varistors, Zener Diode, njl.… Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo li-5 ukuya ku-20kA kunye ne-8 / 20us impulse kumacandelo aqhelekileyo. Eli lixabiso ityhubhu yokukhutshwa kwerhasi inokumelana nokuphindaphinda (ubuncinci beempembelelo ezili-10) ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa okanye ukuguqulwa kweenkcukacha zayo ezisisiseko.

Ukuphembelela iVoltage yokuTshabalalisa

I-spark phezu kwevolthi phambi kobunzulu (dV / dt = 1kV / us); intshukumisa yokunyusa amandla ombane inyuka nge-dV / dt eyandayo.

Resistance Resistance kunye Capacitance

Ezi mpawu zenza ityhubhu yokukhutshwa kwerhasi ngokungabonakaliyo ngexesha leemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. Ukuxhathisa kokugquma kuphezulu kakhulu (> 10 Gohm) ngelixa amandla asezantsi kakhulu (<1 pF).

IMIGANGATHO

Imigangatho yovavanyo kunye neengcebiso zokufakwa kwabakhuseli bomgca wonxibelelwano kufuneka bathobele le migangatho ilandelayo:

• I-UL497B: Abakhuseli boNxibelelwano lweDatha kunye neAlarm-Alarm Circuits

Ufakelo

Ukuze usebenze kakuhle, umkhuseli wokunyuka kufuneka afakelwe ngokungqinelana nale migaqo ilandelayo.

• Indawo yomhlaba okhusela isikhuseli kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo kufuneka ibotshwe.
• Ukhuseleko lufakwe ekungeneni kwenkonzo yofakelo ukuze kuthathwe into yangoku ngokukhawuleza.
• Umkhuseli wokunyuka kufuneka afakwe kufutshane, ngaphantsi kwe-90 yeenyawo okanye iimitha ezingama-30) kwizixhobo ezikhuselweyo. Ukuba lo mthetho awunakulandelwa, kufuneka kukhuselwe abakhuseli besekondari kufutshane nezixhobo
• Umqhubi womhlaba (phakathi kokukhutshwa komhlaba komkhuseli kunye nokufakwa kwesekethe yokubopha) kufuneka ube mfutshane ngangokunokwenzeka (ungaphantsi kwe-1.5 yeenyawo okanye i-0.50 yeemitha) kwaye ube nendawo enqamlezileyo ubuncinci ubuncinci i-2.5 mm isikwere.
• Ukuxhathisa umhlaba kufuneka kuhambelane nekhowudi yombane yendawo. Akukho mhlaba ukhethekileyo uyimfuneko.
• Iintambo ezikhuselekileyo nezingakhuselekanga kufuneka zigcinwe zicocekile ukunciphisa umda wokudibanisa.

lesondlo

Iityhubhu zokukhupha igesi ze-LSP azidingi kulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Ziyilelwe ukumelana nokuphindaphinda, umsebenzi onzima wokuhamba kwemisinga ngaphandle komonakalo.
Nangona kunjalo, kububulumko ukucwangcisela eyona meko inzima kwaye, ngenxa yesi sizathu; I-LSP yenzele ukutshintshwa kwezinto zokukhusela apho kufanelekileyo. Isimo somgca wokukhusela umgca wedatha sinokuvavanywa ngemodeli ye-LSP SPT1003. Eli ziko lenzelwe ukuvavanya i-DC yenyuka ngaphezulu kwevolthi, ukunyanzela i-voltages kunye nokuqhubeka komgca (ngokuzithandela) komkhuseli wokunyuka. I-SPT1003 yindawo yokudibanisa, iqhosha leqhosha elinomboniso wedijithali. Uluhlu lwevolthi zovavanyo yi-0 ukuya kwi-999 volts. Inokuvavanya izinto ezizezinye ezinje nge-GDT's, diode, MOVs okanye izixhobo zokuma zodwa ezenzelwe usetyenziso lwe-AC okanye lweDC.

IMIQATHANGO EYODWA: IINKQUBO ZOKHUSELEKO LWEZIBANE

Ukuba ulwakhiwo kufuneka lukhuselwe luxhotyiswe nge-LPS (iNkqubo yokuKhusela uMbane), abakhuseli bokunyuka kwefowuni, imigca yedatha okanye imigca yamandla e-AC efakwe kwisango lenkonzo yezakhiwo kufuneka ivavanywe kumbane wombane othe ngqo we-10 / 350us waveform Ngobuncinci be-2.5kA yangoku (uvavanyo lwecandelo le-D1 IEC-61643-21).