Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela (SPDs) kunye neRCD kunye

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela (i-SPDs) kunye ne-RCD kunye

Izixhobo zokukhusela (SPDs) kunye neeRCD

Apho inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwamandla ibandakanya iRCDs okwethutyana umsebenzi unokubangela ukuba iiRCD zisebenze kungoko ilahleko yonikezelo. Izixhobo zokukhusela (ii-SPDs) kufuneka naphi na apho kufanelekileyo ukuba zifakelwe ukunyuka kwe-RCD ukuthintela ukukhubeka okungafunekiyo okubangelwa kukudlula okungaphaya.

Apho kufakwe izixhobo zokukhusela ngokuhambelana ne-BS 7671 534.2.1 kwaye zikwicala lomthwalo wesixhobo esishiyekileyo ngoku, I-RCD ine-immunity yokunyusa imisinga Ubuncinci i-3 kA 8/20, iya kusetyenziswa.

AMANQAKU ABALULEKILEYO // Uhlobo lwe-RCDs yanelisa le mfuno. Kwimeko yokuphakama kwamaza angaphezulu kwe-3 kA 8/20, i-RCD inokukhubeka ibangele ukuphazamiseka kombane.

Ukuba i-SPD ifakwe kumazantsi e-RCD, i-RCD kufuneka ibe yexesha lokulibaziseka elinomkhuhlane wokunyusa imisinga ye-3kA 8/20 ubuncinci. Icandelo 534.2.2 ye-BS 7671 ineenkcukacha zobuncinci beemfuno zonxibelelwano lwe-SPD (ngokusekwe kwiimowudi zokukhusela ze-SPD) kwimvelaphi yofakelo (ngokwesiqhelo luhlobo 1 SPD).

Ukuba awuqhelani nokusebenza kwezixhobo zokukhusela kunye neentlobo, kungcono ufunde kuqala iziseko zezixhobo zokukhusela.

Uhlobo loqhagamshelo lwe-SPD 1 (CT1)

Uqwalaselo lwe-SPD olusekwe kudidi loqhagamshelo 1 (CT1) lolwakho I-TN-CS okanye i-TN-S ngamalungiselelo omhlaba kunye nelungiselelo lomhlaba we-TT apho i-SPD ilungelwe emazantsi e-RCD.

Umzobo 1 - Izixhobo zokukhusela (ii-SPDs) ezifakwe kwicala lomthwalo weRCD

Ngokubanzi, iinkqubo ze-TT zifuna ingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo kuba zihlala zinemilinganiselo ephezulu yomhlaba enciphisa imisinga yempazamo yomhlaba kunye nokwandisa amaxesha okwehla Izixhobo eziKhuselayo eziGqithisileyo- ii-OCPDs.

Ke ngoko ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zamaxesha okukhutshwa okhuselekileyo, ii-RCD zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela umhlaba.

Uhlobo loqhagamshelo lwe-SPD 2 (CT2)

Uqwalaselo lwe-SPD olusekwe kuhlobo lonxibelelwano 2 (CT2) luyafuneka kwi Ulungiselelo lomhlaba we-TT ukuba i-SPD inyukile kwi-RCD. I-RCD engaphantsi kwe-SPD ayinakusebenza ukuba i-SPD iye yaba nesiphene.

Umzobo 2 -Izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela (ii-SPDs) ezifakwe kwicala lonikezelo lwe-RCD

Ulungiselelo lwe-SPD apha luqwalaselwe ukuba ii-SPD zisetyenziswe phakathi kwabaqhubi abaphilayo (baphile ngokungathathi hlangothi) kunokuba phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma kunye nomqhubi okhuselayo.

Ukuba i-SPD iba nesiphene, iya kuthi, ke, yenze imijikelezo emfutshane yesekethe endaweni yempazamo ekhoyo emhlabeni kwaye ngenxa yoko iya kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezikhuselayo ezingaphaya (OCPDs) ngokuhambelana ne-SPD zisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi ngexesha lokucoca elifunekayo.

Kusetyenziswa amandla aphezulu e-SPD phakathi kokungathathi hlangothi kunye nomqhubi okhuselayo. La mandla aphezulu e-SPD (ngesiqhelo isithuba esivelisayo sohlobo 1 SPD) siyafuneka njengoko umbane uvela kumqhubi okhuselayo kwaye ngenxa yoko amandla aphezulu e-SPD abona ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha ama-4 okuqhubela phambili kwee-SPDs ezidityaniswe phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma.

Igatya 534.2.3.4.3, ke ngoko, licebisa ukuba i-SPD phakathi kokungathathi hlangothi kunye nomqhubi okhuselayo ukalwe kumaxesha ama-4 ubukhulu be-SPD phakathi kwabaqhubi ababukhoma.

Ngoko ke, kuphela ukuba impembelelo yangoku ye-Iimp ayinakubalwa, I-534.2.3.4.3 icebisa ukuba elona xabiso lincinci le-Iimp ye-SPD phakathi kokungathathi hlangothi kunye nomqhubi okhuselayo yi-50kA 10/350 yesigaba se-3 sokufakwa kwe-CT2, amaxesha ama-4kA 12.5/10 ee-SPDs phakathi kweekhondaktha ezihleliyo.

Ukucwangciswa kwe-CT2 SPD kuhlala kubhekiswa kulungiselelo '3 + 1' lonikezelo lwesigaba se-3.

I-SPDs kunye noqwalaselo lomhlaba lwe-TN-CS

Ubuncinci beemfuno zonxibelelwano lwe-SPD kwindawo ekufutshane okanye ekufuphi kuyo yofakelo lwenkqubo ye-TN-CS ifuna ukucaciswa ngakumbi njengoko iCandelo 534 le-BS 7671 libonisa (jonga uMzobo 3 apha ngezantsi) uhlobo 1 SPD olufunekayo phakathi kwabaqhubi be-PE abaphilayo kunye njengoko kufuneka kwinkqubo ye-TN-S.

Umzobo 3 -Ukufakwa kweentlobo 1, 2 kunye ne-3 ze-SPD, umzekelo kwiinkqubo ze-TN-CS

Igama elithile 'okanye kufutshane nemvelaphi yofakelo' idala ukungaqondakali kunikezwe into yokuba igama 'kufutshane' alichazwanga. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ubuchwephesha, ukuba ii-SPD zisetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwe-0.5m kumgama we-PEN yokwahlulahlula i-N kunye ne-PE, akukho mfuneko yokuba nemowudi yokukhusela i-SPD phakathi kwe-N kunye ne-PE njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo.

Ukuba i-BS 7671 ingavumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-SPDs kwicala le-TN-C (kwicala elincedisayo) lenkqubo ye-TN-CS (ebonwa kwezinye iindawo zaseYurophu), emva koko kunokwenzeka ukufaka ii-SPDs ngaphakathi kwe-0.5m yokwahlulahlula kwe-PEN ukuya N kunye ne-PE kwaye ushiye i-N ukuya kwimowudi yokukhusela i-PE SPD.

Nangona kunjalo ii-SPD zinokusetyenziswa kuphela Icala le-TN-S (icala labathengi) lenkqubo ye-TN-CS, kwaye unikwe ii-SPDs zifakwe kwibhodi yokuhambisa ephambili, umgama phakathi kwendawo yofakelo lwe-SPD kunye nokwahlulahlula kwe-PEN kuya kuhlala kuhlala kunjalo ngaphezulu kwe-0.5 m, ke kukho isidingo sokuba ne-SPD phakathi kwe-N kunye ne-PE njengoko kufuneka kwinkqubo ye-TN-S.

Njengoko uhlobo lwe-1 SPDs lufakelwe ngokukodwa ukuthintela umngcipheko wokuphulukana nobomi bomntu (ukuya kwi-BS EN62305) ngokutshisa okuyingozi okunokubonisa ingozi yomlilo umzekelo, ngenjongo yokhuseleko kuphela, isigwebo sobunjineli kukuba i-SPD kufuneka ifakwe phakathi kwe-N kunye ne-PE yenkqubo ye-TN-CS ngendlela eya kuba ngayo kwinkqubo ye-TN-S.

Isishwankathelo, ukuya kuthi ga kwiCandelo 534, Iinkqubo ze-TN-CS ziphathwa ngokufanayo neenkqubo ze-TN-S zokukhethwa kunye nokufakwa kwe-SPDs.

Iziseko zezixhobo zokukhusela

Isixhobo soKhuselo lweSurge (SPDs) licandelo lokhuselo lofakelo lombane. Esi sixhobo siqhagamshelwe kunikezelo lwamandla Ngokuhambelana nemithwalo (iisekethe) ukuba yenzelwe ukukhusela (jonga umfanekiso 4). Ingasetyenziswa kuwo onke amanqanaba onxibelelwano lwamandla ombane.

Le yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye lolona hlobo lusebenzayo lokhuselo lwevoltage.

Umgaqo woKhuseleko lokuSebenza

Ii-SPD ziyilelwe ukunciphisa umda okwexeshana okudlulayo ngenxa yombane okanye ukutshintsha kunye nokuphambukisa amaza onyuka ahambelana nawo emhlabeni, ukuze kuthintelwe oku kugqitha kumanqanaba ekunokwenzeka ukuba onakalise ufakelo lombane okanye izixhobo.

Iindidi zezixhobo zokukhusela

Zintathu iintlobo ze-SPD ngokwemigangatho yamanye amazwe:

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD

Ukukhuselwa kukungagqithisi okwethutyana ngenxa yokubetha ngokuthe ngqo kombane. Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD luyacetyiswa ukuba lukhusele ufakelo lombane ngokuchasene nemibane ebangelwe kukungqubeka kombane ngokuthe ngqo. Iyakwazi ukukhupha umbane ukusuka kumbane osasazeka ukusuka kumqhubi womhlaba ukuya kubaphathi beenethiwekhi.

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lubonakaliswa ngu I-10/350 yentshukumo yangoku.

Umzobo 5-Iindidi ezintathu ze-SPD ngokwemigangatho yamazwe aphesheya

Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD

Ukukhuselwa kukungagqithisi okwethutyana ngenxa yokutshintsha kunye nokubetha ngokungangqalanga kombane. Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD yeyona nkqubo iphambili yokhuselo kufakelo lombane ophantsi. Kufakelwe kwibhodi nganye yombane, kuthintela ukusasazeka kweevolvingi kufakelo lombane kwaye ikhusela imithwalo.

Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD lubonakaliswa yifayile ye- I-8/20 yentshukumo yangoku.

Uhlobo lwe-3 SPD

Uhlobo lwe-3 SPD luyasetyenziswa kukhuseleko lwasekhaya kwimithwalo ethe-ethe. Ezi SPDs zinomthamo wokukhupha ophantsi. Kuya kufuneka ke ngoko ukuba zifakelwe njengesongezelelo kuhlobo lwe-2 SPD nakwindawo ekufuphi kuyo. Zifumaneka ngokubanzi njengezixhobo ezisebenza nzima (zihlala zidityaniswa nohlobo lwe-2 SPDs ukuze zisetyenziswe kufakelo olusisigxina).