Ukukhuselwa kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic

Izixhobo ze-Photovoltaic (PV) zokusebenzisa amandla ahlaziyekayo zisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuma kombane ngenxa yendawo ebonakalayo kunye nomhlaba omkhulu.

Umonakalo kumacandelo ngamanye okanye ukusilela kofakelo lonke kunokuba sisiphumo.

Imisinga yombane kunye nokunyuka kweevolthi rhoqo kubangela ukonakaliswa kwee-inverters kunye neemodyuli ze-photovoltaic. Olu monakalo luthetha iindleko ezingakumbi kumsebenzisi weziko le-photovoltaic. Ayisiyiyo kuphela iindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu kodwa imveliso yeziko incitshisiwe kakhulu. Ke ngoko, isibonelelo se-photovoltaic kufuneka sihlale sidityaniswa kukhuseleko lwombane kunye nesicwangciso-qhinga somhlaba.

Ukuthintela oku kuphuma, umbane kunye neendlela zokukhusela ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka zisebenzisane. Sikunika inkxaso oyifunayo ukuze indawo yakho isebenze kakuhle kwaye ihambise isivuno sayo esilindelekileyo! Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka ukhusele ukufakelwa kwe-photovoltaic yokukhanyisa kunye nokukhuseleka kwokhuseleko kwi-LSP:

  • Ukukhusela ulwakhiwo kunye nokufakwa kwePV
  • Ukwandisa ukufumaneka kwenkqubo
  • Ukukhusela utyalo-mali lwakho

Imigangatho kunye neemfuno

Imigangatho yangoku kunye nemiyalelo yokukhuselwa kwe-overvoltage kufuneka ihlale ithathelwa ingqalelo kuyilo nakufakelo lwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic.

Idrafti yaseYurophu esemgangathweni ye-DIN VDE 0100 icandelo 712 / E DIN IEC 64/1123 / CD (Ukumiswa kweenkqubo eziphantsi kwamandla, iimfuno zezixhobo ezizodwa kunye nezixhobo; iinkqubo zamandla e-photovoltaic) kunye nenkcazo yokufakwa kwamanye amazwe kwizibonelelo ze-PV-IEC 60364-7- 712 - bobabini bachaza ukhetho kunye nofakelo lokhuselo lokunyuka kwezixhobo ze-PV. Bakwacebisa ngezixhobo zokukhusela phakathi kwabavelisi be-PV. Kupapasho lwayo lowama-2010 malunga nokukhuselwa kokunyuka kwezakhiwo ezinofakelo lwe-PV, uMbutho wabaKhuseli bePropathi baseJamani (i-VdS) ufuna> i-10 kW imibane kunye nokukhuseleka kombane ngokuhambelana nokukhuselwa kombane kwiklasi III.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufakelo lwakho lukhuselekile kwikamva, kuyacaca ukuba izinto zethu zihambelana ngokupheleleyo nazo zonke iimfuno.

Ngapha koko, umgangatho waseYurophu wokukhuselwa kwamandla ombane ulungiselela. Lo mgangatho uza kuchaza ukuba kwinqanaba elingakanani ukhuseleko lwamandla ombane kufuneka luyilelwe kwicala le-DC yeenkqubo ze-PV. Lo mgangatho okwangoku yi-PEN 50539-11.

Umgangatho ofanayo ngoku sele usebenza eFrance-i-UTE C 61-740-51. Iimveliso ze-LSP okwangoku ziyavavanywa ukuba zithobele le migangatho yomibini ukuze ikwazi ukubonelela ngezinga eliphezulu lokhuseleko.

Iimodyuli zethu zokukhusela ukunyuka kwiCandelo I kunye neCandelo II (B kunye no-C ekubanjweni) ziqinisekisa ukwenzeka kwamandla ombane kunqunyelwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye okwangoku kukhutshwa ngokukhuselekileyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uphephe umonakalo owabizayo okanye ukubanakho ukusilela kombane kwindawo yakho ye-photovoltaic.

Kwizakhiwo ezineenkqubo zokukhusela ukukhanya okanye ngaphandle kokukhanyisa-sinemveliso efanelekileyo kwisicelo ngasinye! Sinokuhambisa iimodyuli njengoko ufuna - zilungiselelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zihanjiswe ngaphambili kwizindlu.

Ukuhambisa izixhobo zokukhusela izixhobo (SPDs) kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic

Amandla e-Photovoltaic ayinto ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamandla iyonke evela kwimithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo. Kukho inani leempawu ezizodwa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kufakwa izixhobo zokukhusela (SPDs) kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic. Iinkqubo ze-Photovoltaic zinomthombo wombane we-DC, uneempawu ezithile. Inkqubo yenkqubo kufuneka, ke ngoko, ithathe ezi mpawu zibekiweyo ziqwalasele kwaye zilungelelanise ukusetyenziswa kwee-SPD ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukucaciswa kwe-SPD yeenkqubo ze-PV kufuneka kuyilelwe zombini amandla aphezulu angalayishiyo wenkunkuma yelanga (VOC I-STC = i-voltage yesekethe engalayelwanga phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo) ngokunjalo ngokubhekisele ekuqinisekiseni ukufumaneka kwenkqubo ephezulu kunye nokhuseleko.

Ukukhuselwa ngombane kwangaphandle

Ngenxa yommandla wazo omkhulu kunye nokufakwa okucacileyo ngokubanzi, iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zibeka emngciphekweni ophuma emoyeni-njengombane. Okwangoku, kukho isidingo sokwahlula phakathi kweziphumo zoqhankqalazo lombane ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokubizwa okungangqalanga. Kwelinye icala, imfuneko yokhuseleko lombane ixhomekeke kubume bemigangatho efanelekileyo kwaye kwelinye icala, imfuneko yokhuseleko lombane ichitha kwinkcazo yemigangatho efanelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo ngokwaso, ngamanye amagama, kuxhomekeke ekubeni sisakhiwo okanye ufakelo lwentsimi. Ngokufakelwa kwesakhiwo, umahluko uthatwa phakathi kokufakwa kwejenali ye-PV eluphahleni lwesakhiwo sikawonke-wonke-kunye nenkqubo esele ikhona yokukhusela umbane-kunye nofakelo eluphahleni lwesitali-ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokhuselo lombane. Ukufakwa kweentsimi kukwabonelela ngeethagethi ezinkulu ezinokubakho ngenxa yoluhlu olukhulu lwendawo yemodyuli; Kule meko, isisombululo sokukhusela umbane sangaphandle siyacetyiswa kolu hlobo lwenkqubo ukunqanda ukubetha ngokuthe ngqo kwezibane.

Izikhombisi eziqhelekileyo zingafunyanwa kwi-IEC 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3), iSongezelelo 2 (ukutolikwa ngokwenqanaba lokukhusela umbane okanye inqanaba lomngcipheko we-LPL III) [2] kunye ne-Supplement 5 (umbane kunye nokukhuselwa kweenkqubo zamandla e-PV) nakwi-VdS Directive 2010 [3], (ukuba iinkqubo ze-PV> 10 kW, ke ngoko kufuneka ukhuseleko lombane). Ukongeza, kufuneka kukhuselwe amanyathelo okhuseleko. Umzekelo, ukhetho kufuneka lubonelelwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zokupheliswa komoya ukukhusela umvelisi we-PV. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuthintela unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo kumvelisi we-PV, ngamanye amagama, umgama okhuselekileyo wokwahlula awunakugcinwa, emva koko iimpembelelo zombane wombane kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Ngokusisiseko, iintambo ezikhuselweyo kufuneka zisetyenziselwe imigca ephambili yeijenereyitha ukugcina ii-overvoltages eziphantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukongeza, ukuba icandelo elinqamlezileyo lanele (min. 16 mm² Cu) ikhuselo lentambo linokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa imibane ebengezelayo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kusetyenziso lwezindlu zesinyithi ezivaliweyo. I-Earthing kufuneka idityaniswe kuzo zombini iziphelo zeentambo kunye nokuhlala kwentsimbi. Oko kuqinisekisa ukuba imigca ephambili yomvelisi iwela phantsi kwe-LPZ1 (iZiko loKhuseleko loMbane); Oko kuthetha ukuba uhlobo lwe-SPD 2 lwanele. Ngaphandle koko, uhlobo lwe-SPD 1 luya kufuneka.

Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zokukhusela izixhobo

Ngokubanzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqwalasele ukuthunyelwa kunye nokubalulwa kwee-SPDs kwiinkqubo ze-voltage ezisezantsi kwicala le-AC njengenkqubo esemgangathweni; Nangona kunjalo, ukuthunyelwa kunye nenkcazo efanelekileyo yoyilo lwejenreyitha ye-PV DC isengumceli mngeni. Isizathu okokuqala umvelisi welanga uneempawu ezizodwa kwaye, okwesibini, ii-SPD zifakwe kwisekethe yeDC. Ii-SPD eziqhelekileyo zenzelwe ukutshintsha amandla ombane kwaye hayi ngqo kwiinkqubo zombane. Imigangatho yemveliso efanelekileyo [4] igubungele ezi zicelo iminyaka, kwaye ezi zinokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zombane we-DC. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ngaphambili i-PV yovoto yenkqubo zazifezekiswa, namhlanje ezi sele zifezekisa i-approx. I-1000 V DC kwisekethe yePV engalaliswanga. Umsebenzi kukuqonda ukusebenza kweevolti zenkqubo kuloo myalelo ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela. Izikhundla apho kufanelekileyo ngokobuchwephesha kwaye ziyasebenza ukubeka ii-SPDs kwinkqubo ye-PV kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kuhlobo lwenkqubo, inkqubo yenkqubo, kunye nomhlaba ophathekayo. Amanani 2 no-3 abonisa umahluko osisiseko: Okokuqala, isakhiwo esikhuselwe ngumbane sangaphandle kunye nenkqubo yePV efakwe eluphahleni (ufakelo lwesakhiwo); Okwesibini, inkqubo yolwandiso lwamandla elanga (ufakelo lwentsimi), ikwanayo nenkqubo yokukhusela umbane yangaphandle. Kwimeko yokuqala-ngenxa yobude obufutshane bekhebula-ukhuseleko lwenziwa nje kwigalelo le-DC le-inverter; Kwimeko yesibini ii-SPD zifakwe kwibhokisi yesiphelo yomvelisi welanga (ukukhusela iimodyuli zelanga) kunye nakwigalelo le-DC lomtshintshi (ukukhusela inverter). Ii-SPD kufuneka zifakwe kufutshane nomvelisi we-PV kunye nokusondela kwi-inverter nje ukuba ubude bekhebula obufunekayo phakathi kwe-PV generator kunye ne-inverter budlulela ngaphaya kwe-10 yeemitha (Umzobo 2). Isisombululo esisezantsi sokukhusela icala le-AC, elithetha ukuphuma kwe-inverter kunye nonikezelo lwenethiwekhi, emva koko kufuneka kufezekiswe ngokusebenzisa uhlobo lwe-2 SPDs efakwe kwimveliso ye-inverter kwaye-kwimeko yofakelo lwesakhiwo ngokhuseleko lombane wangaphandle kwindawo ephambili yokutya inqaku-lixhotyiswe ngohlobo lwe-SPD 1 yokubanjwa.

Iimpawu ezizodwa kwicala le-DC elenza amandla elanga

Kude kube ngoku, iikhonsepthi zokukhusela kwicala le-DC zihlala zisebenzisa ii-SPDs kumgangatho wee-AC zombane eziqhelekileyo, apho i-L + kunye ne-L- ngokulandelelana bebenamathele emhlabeni ukukhusela. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-SPD zilinganisiwe ubuncinci iipesenti ezingama-50 zesezulu sevoltha yokulayisha engenawo umthwalo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka eliqela, iimpazamo zokugquma zinokwenzeka kumvelisi wePV. Njengomphumo wale mpazamo kwinkqubo ye-PV, umbane opheleleyo wenkunkuma ye-PV emva koko usetyenziswa kwipali engenasiphako kwi-SPD kwaye ikhokelela kumnyhadala wokulayisha ngaphezulu. Ukuba umthwalo kwii-SPDs esekwe kwinyithi ye-oxide varistors evela kumbane oqhubekekayo uphezulu kakhulu, oku kunokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa okanye kubangele isixhobo sokuqhawula. Ngokukodwa, kwiinkqubo ze-PV ezineendlela eziphezulu zenkqubo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungabandakanyi ngokupheleleyo ukubakho komlilo ngenxa ye-arc yokutshintsha engacimiyo, xa isixhobo sokucinywa sibangelwa. Izinto zokukhuphela ngaphezulu (iifyuzi) ezisetyenzisiweyo ukunyusa ayisosisombululo koku, njengoko isekethe emfutshane yomvelisi we-PV ingaphezulu nje kancinci kunaleyo ikaliwe ngoku. Namhlanje, iinkqubo ze-PV ezinombane wenkqubo ye-approx. I-1000 V DC iya isanda ukufakelwa ukugcina ilahleko zamandla ziphantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Umzobo 4 -Y-ujikeleze ubume bokujikeleza obukhuselekileyo kunye nee-varistors ezintathu

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-SPDs zinakho ukujongana neenkqubo eziphakamileyo zokunxibelelana kweenkwenkwezi okubandakanya ii-varistors ezintathu kungqineke kuthembekile kwaye kumiselwe njenge-quasi-standard (Umzobo 4). Ukuba isiphoso sokugquma sivela ii-varistors ezimbini kuthotho zihlala zikhona, ezithintela ngokufanelekileyo i-SPD ekubeni igcwaliswe ngaphezulu.

Ukushwankathela: isekethe ekhuselayo enendawo yangoku evuzayo ngokupheleleyo ikho kwaye ukusebenza ngengozi kwendlela yokuqhawula kunqandiwe. Kwimeko echazwe apha ngasentla, ukusasazeka komlilo kuthintelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Kwaye kwangaxeshanye, nayiphi na impembelelo evela kwisixhobo sokubek'esweni sokuthintela nayo iyathintelwa. Ke ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kusenzeka, kusoloko kukho ii-varistors ezimbini ezikhoyo kolu ngcelele. Ngale ndlela, imfuno yokuba iziphene zomhlaba kufuneka ihlale ithintelwa iyafezekiswa. I-LSP's SPD yohlobo lwe-2 arrester SLP40-PV1000 / 3, UCPV = I-1000Vdc ibonelela ngesisombululo esivavanyiweyo, esisebenzayo kwaye kuvavanyelwe ukuthotyelwa kwayo yonke imigangatho yangoku (UTE C 61-740-51 kunye ne-prEN 50539-11) (Umzobo 4). Ngale ndlela, sinikezela ngeyona nqanaba liphezulu lokhuseleko olukhoyo lokusetyenziswa kwiisekethe zeDC.

Izicelo ezenziwayo

Njengoko sele kutshiwo, umahluko utsaliwe phakathi kolwakhiwo kunye nofakelo lwentsimi kwizisombululo ezisebenzayo. Ukuba isisombululo sombane sangaphandle sifakelwe, umvelisi we-PV kufuneka ngokukhethekileyo adityaniswe kule nkqubo njengenkqubo yesixhobo sokubamba esizimeleyo. I-IEC 62305-3 icacisa ukuba umgama wokupheliswa komoya kufuneka ugcinwe. Ukuba ayinakugcinwa emva koko iimpembelelo zombane wombane kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Kule ngongoma, umgangatho wokukhusela umbane i-IEC 62305-3 Supplements 2 uthi kwiCandelo 17.3: 'ukunciphisa iintambo ezikhuselekileyo ezikhuselweyo kufuneka zisetyenziselwe imigca ephambili yomvelisi'. Ukuba icandelo elinqamlezayo lanele (imizuzu eli-16 mm² Cu) ukukhusela intambo kunokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa imibane eyinxalenye. Isongezelelo (Umzobo 5) -Ukukhuselwa kombane kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic- ekhutshwe yi-ABB (IKomiti yoKhuselo loMbane kunye noPhando lweeMbane zoMbutho (waseJamani) woMbutho wezoMbane, i-Elektroniki kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi) ithi imigca ephambili yabavelisi kufuneka ikhuselwe. . Oku kuthetha ukuba umbane obanjiweyo ngoku (uhlobo lwe-SPD 1) ayifuneki, nangona ii-voltage voltage arresters (SPD uhlobo 2) ziyimfuneko kumacala omabini. Njengoko umzobo 5 ubonakalisa, umgca okhuselekileyo wenkunkuma ubonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo kwaye ufezekisa inqanaba le-LPZ 1 kwinkqubo. Ngale ndlela, i-SPD yohlobo lwe-2 ekubanjweni kwababanjiweyo kuthunyelwe ngokuhambelana nemilinganiselo yemigangatho.

Izisombululo ezilungele ukulunga

Ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwesiza ngokuthe ngqo njengoko kunokwenzeka i-LSP inikezela ngezisombululo ezikulungele ukukhusela ii-DC kunye ne-AC emacaleni e-inverters. Iibhola ze-PV kunye nokudlala zinciphisa ixesha lokufaka. I-LSP iya kwenza iindibano ezithile kumthengi ngokwesicelo sakho. Olunye ulwazi luyafumaneka kwi www.lsp-international.com

Phawula:

Imigangatho ethile kunye nezikhokelo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe

[1] I-DIN VDE 0100 (VDE 0100) icandelo 712: 2006-06, Iimfuno zofakelo olukhethekileyo okanye iindawo. Iinkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla esolar photovoltaic (PV)

[2] I-DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3) 2006-10 Ukukhuselwa kombane, Icandelo 3: Ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo kunye nabantu, ukongeza 2, ukutolikwa ngokwenqanaba lokhuselo okanye inqanaba lomngcipheko III LPL, Isongezo 5, umbane kunye nokukhuselwa kokunyuka kweenkqubo zamandla e-PV

[3] VdS Directive 2010: 2005-07 Umbane ojolise kumngcipheko kunye nokukhuselwa kokunyuka; Izikhokelo zothintelo lwelahleko, i-VdS Schadenverhütung Verlag (abapapashi)

[4] I-DIN EN 61643-11 (VDE 675-6-11): 2007-08 Umbane ophantsi okhusela izixhobo ezikhuselayo-Icandelo le-11: ukunyusa izixhobo zokukhusela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane ophantsi-iimfuno kunye novavanyo

[5] IEC 62305-3 Ukukhuselwa kumbane-Icandelo 3: Ukonakala komzimba kulwakhiwo kunye nobungozi bobomi

[6] IEC 62305-4 Ukukhuselwa kumbane-Icandelo 4: Iinkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kolwakhiwo

[7] prEN 50539-11 Izixhobo zokukhusela amandla ombane aphantsi- Izixhobo zokukhusela isicelo esithile kubandakanya i-dc-Icandelo le-11: Izidingo kunye novavanyo lwe-SPDs kwizicelo ze-photovoltaic

[8] Imigangatho yemveliso yaseFrance yokukhuselwa kokunyuka kwindawo yeDC UTE C 61-740-51

Ukusetyenziswa kwemodyuli kwezinto zethu zokukhusela

Ukuba inkqubo yokhuseleko yombane sele ikhona esakhiweni, oku kufuneka kube kwindawo ephezulu kuyo yonke le nkqubo. Zonke iimodyuli kunye neentambo zofakelo lwe-photovoltaic kufuneka zifakelwe ngaphantsi kokupheliswa komoya. Ukwahlula imigama ubuncinci i-0.5 m ukuya kwi-1 m kufuneka igcinwe (kuxhomekeke kuhlalutyo lomngcipheko oluvela kwi-IEC 62305-2).

Uhlobo lwangaphandle lokukhuselwa kombane (icala le-AC) likwafuna ukufakelwa kombane wohlobo lwe-I kumbane wombane wesakhiwo. Ukuba akukho nkqubo yokukhusela umbane ekhoyo, ngoko ke ii-arresters (ii-AC ezisecaleni) zanele ukusetyenziswa.