1500Vdc aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin photovoltaic
Rage kuɗaɗe da haɓaka ƙwarewa koyaushe shine shugabanin ƙoƙarin mutanen lantarki
Tsarin 1500VDC da zaɓin makawa na tsarin parity
Rage kuɗaɗe da haɓaka ƙwarewa koyaushe shine shugabanin ƙoƙarin mutanen Electric. Daga cikin su, rawar fasahar kere-kere na da mahimmanci. A cikin 2019, tare da ƙarin tallafin China, 1500Vdc yana da babban fata.
Dangane da bayanan IHS daga kungiyar bincike da bincike, an fara samar da tsarin 1500Vdc ne a shekarar 2012, kuma kamfanin FirstSolar ya saka hannun jari na farko a tashar samar da lantarki ta 1500Vdc a duniya a shekarar 2014. A cikin watan Janairun 2016, aikin nuni na farko na cikin gida 1500Vdc na Golmud Sunshine Qiheng New Energy Golmud 30MW Power Generation Project Generation Project an haɗa shi da layin wutar lantarki don hukuma, wanda ke nuna cewa aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc na cikin gida a cikin tsarin photovoltaic da gaske ya shiga matakin manyan aikace-aikacen nuna aikace-aikace. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin 2018, an yi amfani da fasahar 1500Vdc akan manyan sifofin ƙasashe da na gida. Daga cikin rukuni na uku na manyan ayyukan cikin gida da aka fara gini a shekarar 2018, aikin Golmud tare da farashi mafi ƙaranci (0.31 yuan / kWh), da kuma ayyukan GCL Delingha da Chint Baicheng duk sun ɗauki fasahar 1500Vdc. Idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada 1000Vdc photovoltaic tsarin, aikace-aikacen 11500Vdc a cikin tsarin photovoltaic an yi amfani dashi sosai kwanan nan. Sannan zamu iya samun irin waɗannan tambayoyin cikin sauki:
Me yasa za'a kara karfin lantarki daga 1000Vdc zuwa 1500Vdc?
Ban da mai juyawa, sauran kayan aikin lantarki za su iya tsayayya da babban ƙarfin 1500Vdc?
Yaya tasirin tsarin 1500Vdc yake bayan amfani?
1. Fa'idodin fasaha da rashin amfani na aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc a cikin tsarin hoto
nazarin amfani
1) Rage adadin akwatin mahaɗar da kebul ɗin USB
A cikin "Code for Design of Photovoltaic Power Plants (GB 50797-2012)", dacewa da matakan hoto da juzu'i ya kamata su bi wannan ƙa'idar: Bisa ga ƙa'idar da ke sama da sigogin da suka dace na abubuwan haɗin, kowane layi na tsarin 1000Vdc shine gabaɗaya abubuwan 22, yayin da kowane kirtani na tsarin 1500Vdc zai iya bada izinin abubuwa 32.
Aaukar na'urar 285W mai karfin 2.5MW naúrar samar da wuta da mai juya zaren a matsayin misali, 1000Vdc tsarin:
408 kirtani na photovoltaic, 816 nau'i-nau'i na tushe tushe
34 kafa na 75kW inverter inverter
1500Vdc tsarin:
280ungiyoyin photovoltaic XNUMX kirtani
Nau'in 700 guda biyu na tushe
Saiti 14 na masu juya kirtani 75kW
yayin da aka rage adadin kirtani, za a rage adadin igiyoyin DC da aka hade tsakanin bangarorin da igiyoyin AC tsakanin kirtani da masu juyawa.
2) Rage asarar layin DC
P = IRI = P / U
∴ U yana ƙaruwa sau 1.5 → Na zama (1 / 1.5) becomes P ya zama 1 / 2.25
Cable R = ρL / S DC kebul L ya zama 0.67, sau 0.5 na asali
∴ R (1500Vdc) <0.67 R (1000Vdc)
A takaice, 1500VdcP na ɓangaren DC kusan sau 0.3 ne na 1000VdcP.
3) Rage wani adadi na injiniya da rashin cin nasara
Dangane da raguwar yawan igiyoyin DC da akwatunan mahada, za a rage adadin mahaɗan igiyar da kebul ɗin igiyar da aka girka yayin gini, kuma waɗannan maɓallan biyu suna da saukin gazawa. Sabili da haka, 1500Vdc na iya rage adadin rashin cin nasara.
4) Rage saka jari
Theara yawan abubuwan da aka haɗa da kirtani na iya rage farashin watt ɗaya. Babban bambance-bambance shine adadin tushe, tsayin kebul bayan haduwar DC, da lambar kwalaye masu haɗuwa (tsakiya).
Dangi ga tsarin 22-string na tsarin 1000Vdc, makircin 32-string na tsarin 1500Vdc na iya adana kimanin maki 3.2 / W don igiyoyi da ginshiƙai masu tarin yawa.
Nazarin rashin amfani
1) requirementsara bukatun kayan aiki
Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin 1000Vdc, karfin wutan ya karu zuwa 1500Vdc yana da tasirin gaske akan masu kewaya filayen, fiyu, na'urorin kariya na walƙiya da sauya wutar lantarki, kuma suna gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma don tsayayya da ƙarfin lantarki da amintacce, kuma farashin naúrar kayan aiki zai ƙara ƙaruwa .
2) Mafi girma bukatun aminci
Bayan ƙarfin lantarki ya ƙaru zuwa 1500Vdc, haɗarin lalacewar lantarki yana ƙaruwa, don haka inganta kariyar rufi da izinin lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, da zarar haɗari ya auku a gefen DC, zai fuskanci matsalolin ƙarewar DC arc. Saboda haka, tsarin 1500Vdc yana haɓaka ƙa'idodin kariyar tsarin.
3) theara yiwuwar tasirin PID
Bayan an haɗa kayayyaki masu ɗaukar hoto a cikin jerin, halin ɓarkewar da aka samu tsakanin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da ƙasa shine mahimmin abin da ke haifar da tasirin PID. Bayan an kara karfin wuta daga 1000Vdc zuwa 1500Vdc, a bayyane yake cewa bambancin karfin wuta tsakanin kwayar halitta da kasa zai karu, wanda zai kara yiwuwar tasirin PID.
4) Kara asamu asara
Akwai wasu ashana na dacewa tsakanin igiyoyi na photovoltaic, galibi sanadiyyar dalilai masu zuwa:
- Factoryarfin masana'anta na ɗimbin kayayyaki na hoto yana da karkatar 0 ~ 3%. Formedararrakin da aka kafa yayin jigilar kaya da shigarwa zai haifar da karkatar da ƙarfi.
- Rashin haɓaka mara kyau da toshewa mara daidai bayan shigarwa shima zai haifar da karkatar da ƙarfi.
- Dangane da abubuwan da ke sama, ƙara kowane igiya daga abubuwa 22 zuwa abubuwan 32 zai ƙara hasarar daidaito.
- Dangane da matsalolin da ke sama na 1500V, bayan kusan shekaru biyu na bincike da bincike, kamfanonin kayan aiki sun kuma inganta wasu abubuwa.
Na biyu, 1500Vdc photovoltaic tsarin kayan aiki masu mahimmanci
1. Photovoltaic koyaushe
Hasken rana na farko, Artus, Tianhe, Yingli, da sauran kamfanoni ne suka jagoranci ƙaddamar da matakan modulu na hoto na 1500Vdc.
Tun lokacin da aka kammala aikin samar da lantarki na farko a duniya 1500Vdc a shekarar 2014, yawan aikace-aikacen tsarin 1500V ya ci gaba da fadada. Wannan yanayin ya motsa shi, tsarin IEC ya fara haɗa bayanai dalla-dalla 1500V cikin aiwatar da sabon matakin. A cikin 2016, IEC 61215 (don C-Si), IEC 61646 (don finafinan sirara), da IEC61730 sune ƙa'idodin aminci na ɓangaren ƙasa da 1500V. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin guda uku sun dace da gwajin gwaji da bukatun bukatun tsarin tsarin 1500V kuma sun katse cikas na ƙarshe na buƙatun 1500V, wanda ke haɓaka haɓaka ƙa'idodin tashar wutar lantarki 1500V.
A halin yanzu, masana'antun farko na cikin gida na kasar Sin sun kaddamar da samfuran 1500V wadanda suka balaga, wadanda suka hada da bangarori masu bangare daya, bangarorin bangarori biyu, gilashin gilashi biyu, kuma sun samu takaddun shaidar IEC.
Dangane da matsalar PID na kayan 1500V, manyan masana'antun yau da kullun suna ɗaukar matakai biyu masu zuwa don tabbatar da cewa aikin PID na abubuwan 1500V da abubuwan 1000V na al'ada sun kasance a matakin ɗaya.
1) Ta hanyar haɓaka akwatin mahaɗar da inganta ƙirar shimfidar kayan haɗi don saduwa da mashigar ƙirar 1500V da ƙetare bukatun;
2) An ƙara kaurin kayan bayan jirgi da kashi 40% don haɓaka rufi da tabbatar da amincin abubuwan da aka gyara;
Don tasirin PID, kowane mai sana'a ya bada tabbacin cewa a ƙarƙashin tsarin 1500V, ɓangaren har yanzu yana ba da tabbacin cewa haɓaka PID bai kai 5% ba, yana tabbatar da cewa aikin PID na ɓangaren al'ada ya kasance a daidai matakin.
2. Mai juyawa
Manufacturersasashen waje masu ƙera kamar SMA / GE / PE / INGETEAM / TEMIC gabaɗaya sun ƙaddamar da hanyoyin magance masu juya 1500V a kusa da shekarar 2015. Yawancin masana'antun matakin farko na cikin gida sun ƙaddamar da kayayyakin inverter bisa ga jerin 1500V, kamar Sungrow SG3125, Huawei's SUN2000HA series, da sauransu, da kuma. sune farkon wadanda za'a sake su a kasuwar Amurka.
NB / T 32004: 2013 mizani ne wanda yakamata samfuran inverter na gida su hadu yayin da aka tallata su. Thearfin da ya dace na daidaitaccen samfurin shine inverter mai haɗa grid da aka haɗa shi zuwa kewayawar tushen PV tare da wutar lantarki da ba ta wuce 1500V DC da ƙarfin fitarwa na AC da bai wuce 1000V ba. Daidaitaccen kanta ya riga ya haɗa da kewayon DC 1500V kuma yana ba da buƙatun gwaji don kewayewar PV, tsaftace wutar lantarki, nisan wuri mai rarrafe, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin, da sauran gwaje-gwaje.
3. akwatin haɗawa
Matsayi don akwatin mai haɗawa da kowane maɓallin maɓalli a shirye suke, kuma 1500Vdc ya shiga cikin takaddun shaidar takaddun ma'auni mai lamba CGC / GF 037: 2014 "Photovoltaic mai haɗa kayan aikin kayan aikin fasaha".
4. Na USB
A halin yanzu, an kuma gabatar da mizanin 1500V na igiyar daukar hoto.
5. Canji da kariyar walƙiya
A cikin masana'antar daukar hoto a zamanin 1100Vdc, ƙarfin fitarwa na inverter ya kai 500Vac. Kuna iya aron tsarin daidaitaccen tsarin rarraba rarraba 690Vac da samfuran tallafi; daga 380Vac voltage zuwa 500Vac voltage, babu matsalar sauya matsala. Koyaya, a farkon lokacin 2015, duk masana'antar fotovoltaic da rarraba wutar ba su da maɓallan rarraba wutar 800Vac / 1000Vac da sauran bayanai, wanda hakan ya haifar da matsaloli a cikin tallafawa kayan gaba ɗaya da kuma tsada mai tsada.
M bayanin
Anyi amfani da tsarin daukar hoto na 1500Vdc zuwa kasashen waje kuma ya riga ya zama cikakkiyar fasahar aikace-aikacen duniya.
Sabili da haka, manyan kayan aiki na tsarin hotunan hoto sun sami samarwa da yawa, kuma farashin ya faɗi ƙasa ƙwarai idan aka kwatanta da matakin nunawa a cikin 2016.
1500Vdc aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin photovoltaic
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, an yi amfani da tsarin daukar hoto na 1500Vdc a kasashen waje tun farkon shekarar 2014 saboda karancin kudinsa gaba daya da kuma samar da wutar lantarki mai karfi.
Aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc na duniya a cikin batun binciken tsarin photovoltaic
Rana ta farko ta sanar a watan Mayu 2014 cewa an fara amfani da tashar wutar lantarki ta farko 1500Vdc a Deming, New Mexico. Adadin tashar wutar lantarkin duka ita ce 52MW, jeri 34 sun dauki tsarin 1000Vdc, sauran kuma sun dauki tsarin 1500Vdc.
SMA ta sanar a cikin watan Yulin 2014 cewa an yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai daukar hoto ta 3.2MW wacce aka gina a filin shakatawa na Sandershauser Berg a Niestetal, Kassel, arewacin Jamus, kuma tashar wutar lantarki tana amfani da tsarin 1500Vdc.
1500Vdc an yi amfani dashi ko'ina cikin ayyukan ƙananan farashi
A halin yanzu, LSP ya sami ci gaba cikin nasara T1 + T2 Class B + C, Class I + II PV haɓaka na'urar kariya SPD 1500Vdc, 1200Vdc, 1000Vdc, 600Vdc ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin hasken rana mai ɗaukar hoto.
Aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin photovoltaic
A karo na farko, nasarar samar da wutar lantarki ta 257 MW na Fu An Hua Hui a Vietnam an sami nasarar haɗa ta da layin wutar. Dukkanin nau'ikan inverter mai saurin canzawa irin na 1500V wanda aka hada shi da mafita an yi amfani dashi don cimma nasarar samun karbuwa daga zane, gini zuwa hanyar sadarwa. Aikin yana cikin Garin Huahui, Yankin Fuhua, Lardin Phu An, Vietnam, kuma yana cikin yankin tsakiya da kudu na bakin teku. La'akari da yanayin yanayin ƙasa da tattalin arziƙin aikin, kwastomomin aikin daga ƙarshe ya zaɓi nau'ikan inverter mai ƙarfin 1500V wanda zai inganta ingantaccen bayani.
Abin dogaro
A cikin aikin tashar tashar wutar lantarki ta zanga-zanga, abokan ciniki suna da tsauraran buƙatu don gini da ƙimar samfur. Installationarfin shigarwa na aikin a gefen DC na aikin shine 257 MW, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 1032 na akwatunan haɗawa na 1500V DC, saiti 86 na 1500Vdc 2.5MW masu juyawa ta tsakiya, saiti 43 na 5MVA matsakaiciyar masu juya wutar lantarki da kuma kayan haɗin haɗi. don katunan cibiyar sadarwar ringi, mai sauƙaƙe Shigarwa da izini na iya gajarta sake zagayen ginin da rage tsadar tsarin.
1500V bayani ya haɗu da “babbar fasaha”
Nau'in nau'in inverter mai nau'ikan ingin mai karfin 1500V wanda aka hada hadadden bayani yana da halaye na 1500V, manyan murabba'in murabba'i, rarar iya aiki mai karfi, inverter mai karfin wuta, kara karfin inverter, da dai sauransu, wanda yake rage kudin kayan aiki kamar su wayoyi da akwatunan mahada. Rage farashin saka hannun jari na farko. Musamman, ƙirar ƙirar ƙarfin ƙarfin haɓaka yana inganta ƙimar amfani da layin gaba ɗaya kuma saita daidaitaccen ƙarfin aiki ta hanyar wadataccen kayan aiki don yin tsarin LCOE mafi kyau.
Ana amfani da maganin 1500VDC a cikin ayyukan hoto na sama da 900MW a Vietnam. Vietnam Fu An Hua Hui 257MW aikin hotunan hoto shine mafi girman aikin tashar tashar wutar lantarki. A matsayin sabon rukunin farko na sabbin ayyukan nunin makamashi a cikin Vietnam, bayan an fara aikin, zai inganta tsarin wutar lantarki na Vietnam, saukaka matsalar karancin wuta a kudancin Vietnam, da inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a a Vietnam Babban mahimmancin gaske.
Shin aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc a cikin tsarin photovoltaic har yanzu yana nesa da babban sikelin?
Idan aka kwatanta da 1000Vdc photovoltaic tsarin da akafi amfani dashi a tashoshin wutar lantarki, bincike na aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc a cikin tsarin hoto ta jagorancin masana'antun masu juyawa kwanan nan ya zama wuri mai zafi na fasahar masana'antu.
Yana da sauƙi a yi tambayoyi kamar haka:
Me yasa za a daga wutar lantarki daga 1000Vdc zuwa 1500Vdc?
Ban da mai juyawa, sauran kayan aikin lantarki za su iya tsayayya da babban ƙarfin 1500Vdc?
Shin wani yana amfani da tsarin 1500Vdc yanzu? Yaya sakamako?
Fa'idodi da Fasaha da Rashin Amfani da aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc a cikin tsarin photovoltaic
1. Nazarin Amfani
1) Rage amfani da akwatunan haɗawa da igiyoyin DC. Kowane kirtani na tsarin 1000Vdc gabaɗaya abubuwan 22 ne, yayin da kowane kirtani na tsarin 1500VDC zai iya ba da izinin abubuwan 32. Unitauki rukunin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin 265MW 1W a matsayin misali,
1000Vdc tsarin: 176 kirtani masu daukar hoto da akwatunan hadawa 12;
1500Vdc tsarin: 118 kirtani masu daukar hoto da akwatunan hadawa 8;
Saboda haka, adadin wayoyin DC daga modul na photovoltaic zuwa akwatin mai haɗawa kusan sau 0.67 ne, kuma adadin igiyoyin DC daga akwatin mai haɗawa zuwa mai juyawa kusan sau 0.5 ne.
2) Rage asarar layin DC ∵P asarar = I2R kebul I = P / U
∴U yana ƙaruwa da sau 1.5 → Na zama (1 / 1.5) loss Rashin P ya zama 1 / 2.25
Bugu da kari, R kebul = ρL / S, L na kebul na DC ya zama 0.67, sau 0.5 na asali
CableR kebul (1500Vdc) <Hanyar 0.67R (1000Vdc)
A takaice, asarar 1500VdcP ta ɓangaren DC kusan sau 0.3 ne na asarar 1000VdcP.
3) Rage wani adadi na injiniya da rashin cin nasara
Yayinda aka rage adadin igiyoyin DC da akwatunan masu haɗawa, za a rage adadin haɗin kebul da igiyoyin akwatin mahaɗan da aka girka yayin gini, kuma waɗannan maɓallan biyu suna fuskantar gazawa. Sabili da haka, 1500Vdc na iya rage adadin rashin cin nasara.
2. binciken rashin amfani
1) inara abubuwan buƙatun kayan aiki Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin 1000Vdc, ƙara ƙarfin lantarki zuwa 1500Vdc yana da tasiri mai tasiri a kan masu lalata kewayen, fiɗo, masu kama walƙiya, da sauya wutar lantarki, kuma suna sanya ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma da aminci. inganta.
2) Abubuwan da ake buƙata na aminci bayan ƙarfin lantarki ya ƙaru zuwa 1500Vdc, haɗarin lalacewar lantarki da fitarwa yana ƙaruwa don haka yakamata a inganta kariya ta rufi da izinin lantarki. Bugu da kari, idan haɗari ya auku a gefen DC, zai fuskanci matsalar kashe wutar baka ta DC mai tsanani. Sabili da haka, tsarin 1500Vdc yana haɓaka bukatun tsarin don kariya ta aminci.
3) theara tasirin PID mai yiwuwa Bayan an haɗa kayayyaki PV a cikin jerin, halin ɓarkewar da aka samu tsakanin ƙwayoyin sel masu ƙarfin lantarki da ƙasa muhimmin dalili ne na tasirin PID (don cikakken bayani, sai a amsa ga “103 ”A bango). Bayan an kara karfin lantarki daga 1000Vdc zuwa 1500Vdc, a bayyane yake cewa bambancin karfin wuta tsakanin batirin batir da kasa zai karu, wanda zai kara yiwuwar tasirin PID.
4) lossara asarar ashana Akwai asara mai kamawa tsakanin zaren hotunan hoto, wanda yawanci ya haifar da dalilai masu zuwa:
Factoryarfin masana'anta na ɗimbin kayayyaki na hoto yana da karkatar 0 ~ 3%.
Crawanƙwan ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen da aka kafa yayin jigilar kaya da sakawa zai haifar da karkacewar ƙarfi
Rashin haɓaka mara kyau da kariya mara kyau bayan shigarwa suma zasu haifar da karkatar da ƙarfi.
Dangane da abubuwan da ke sama, ƙara kowane igiya daga abubuwa 22 zuwa abubuwan 32 zai ƙara hasarar daidaito.
3. Cikakken bincike A cikin bincike na sama, nawa za'a iya kwatanta 1500Vdc da 1000Vdc na iya inganta aikin kuɗi, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin lissafi.
Gabatarwa: Idan aka kwatanta da 1000Vdc photovoltaic tsarin da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi na hoto, binciken bincike na aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc a cikin tsarin photovoltaic wanda masana'antun masu juyawa ke jagoranta ya zama matattarar fasahar masana'antu kwanan nan. Sannan zamu iya samun irin wadannan tambayoyin cikin sauki.
Na biyu, babban kayan aikin photovoltaic system a 1500Vdc
1) Photovoltaic modules A yanzu, FirstSolar, Artes, Trina, Yingli, da sauran kamfanoni sun ƙaddamar da kayayyaki masu daukar hoto na 1500Vdc, gami da ɗakunan zamani da na gilashi biyu.
2) Inverter A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun sun ƙaddamar da masu juya 1500Vdc tare da ƙarfin 1MVA ~ 4MVA, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a tashoshin wutar lantarki. Matsayi na ƙarfin lantarki na 1500Vdc an rufe shi da ƙa'idodin IEC masu dacewa.
3) Ka’idoji don akwatunan haɗa abubuwa da sauran maɓallan maɓallan akwatinan Combiner da maɓallan maɓallan an shirya, kuma 1500Vdc ya shiga cikin takaddun shaidar takaddar mai haɗawa misali CGC / GF037: 2014 “Bayani na Musamman don Kayan Hannun Hannun Hotuna”; 1500Vdc an bayyana shi ta hanyar mafi yawan ƙa'idodin IEC kamar yadda yake daga rukunin ƙa'idodin ƙananan ƙarancin wuta, kamar su mizanin maƙerin kewaya IEC61439-1 da IEC60439-1, filastik na musamman fuse IEC60269-6, da kuma na'urorin kariya na walƙiya na musamman masu ɗaukar hoto EN50539-11 / -12 .
Koyaya, tunda 1500Vdc photovoltaic tsarin har yanzu yana cikin matakin nunawa kuma buƙatun kasuwa yana iyakance, kayan aikin da aka ambata a sama basu fara samar da ɗimbin yawa ba.
1500Vdc aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin photovoltaic
1. Tashar wutar lantarki ta Macho Springs
Firstsolar ya sanar a cikin Mayu 2014 cewa tashar wutar lantarki ta 1500Vdc ta farko da aka kammala a Deming, an yi amfani da NewMexico. Jimlar ƙarfin tashar wutar ita ce 52MW, jeri 34 suna amfani da tsarin 1000Vdc, kuma sauran tsararru suna amfani da tsarin 1500Vdc.
SMA ta sanar a cikin watan Yulin 2014 cewa an yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai karfin 3.2MW a Sandershauser Bergindustrialpark, wani wurin shakatawa na masana'antu a Niestetal, Kassel, arewacin Jamus. Gidan wutar lantarki yana amfani da tsarin 1500Vdc.
2. Shari'ar neman aiki a kasar Sin
Golmud Sunshine Qiheng Sabon Makamashi Golmud 30MW Photovoltaic Project
A cikin watan Janairun 2016, aikin nuna wutar lantarki na 1500Vdc na cikin gida mai nuna karfin samar da wutar lantarki, Golmud Sunshine Qiheng New Energy Golmud 30MW aikin samar da wutar lantarki, an hada shi da layin samar da wutar a hukumance, wanda hakan ke nuni da cewa tsarin daukar hoto na 1500Vdc na cikin gida ya shigo da gaske. ainihin matakin aikace-aikacen zanga-zanga.
Ci gaban kayayyakin 1500V masu alaƙa da hotunan hoto ya riga ya zama halin
Abubuwan haɗin hoto da kayan lantarki a cikin tsarin hasken rana na yau da kullun an tsara su kuma an ƙera su ne dangane da buƙatun ƙarfin DC na 1000V. Don samun kyakkyawan sakamako na tsarin hotunan hoto, ana buƙatar ci gaba cikin gaggawa dangane da ragin tallafin tallafi don ƙimar kuzarin ƙarfinta da ingancinsa. Sabili da haka, ci gaban samfuran 1500V masu alaƙa da hotunan hoto ya zama mai tasowa. Varin lantarki mai ƙarfin 1500V da tallafawa kayan lantarki na nufin ƙimar tsarin ƙasa da haɓakar ƙarfin ƙarfin haɓaka mafi girma. Gabatar da wannan sabon kayan aiki da fasaha na iya sanya masana'antar daukar hoto ta hanyar kawar da dogaro kan tallafi da samun daidaiton layin layi tun da wuri. Bukatun 1500V don kayan adon hotuna masu canza rana, masu juyawa, igiyoyi, akwatunan hadawa, da kuma inganta tsarin ”
An nuna kayan aikin da suka dace na tsarin 1500V a sama. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na 1500V ga kowane na'ura sun canza daidai:
1500V bangaren
• An canza fasalin abubuwan da aka gyara, wanda ke buƙatar nesa nesa da abubuwan hawa;
• Canje-canjen kayan bangaren, kara kayan aiki da bukatun gwaji don jirgin baya;
• requirementsara bukatun gwaji don ruɓar kayan aiki, ƙarfin juriya, zub da ruwa, da bugun jini;
• Kudin kayan haɗin yana da faɗi sosai kuma aikin ya inganta;
• A halin yanzu akwai matakan IEC don abubuwan tsarin 1500Vdc. Irin su IEC 61215 / IEC 61730;
• Kundin tsarin 1500Vdc na masana'antun yau da kullun sun wuce takaddun shaida masu dacewa da gwajin aikin PID.
1500V DC kebul
• Akwai bambance-bambance a cikin rufi, kauri kauri, elliptic, juriya, rufi tsawo, thermal tsawo, gishiri fesa, da kuma gwajin juriya hayaki, da kuma gwajin kona katako.
1500V akwatin mai haɗawa
• Bukatun gwaji don izinin lantarki da nisan wuri mai rarrafe, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin wuta da ƙarfin juriya da ƙarfin juriya da juriya na rufi;
• Akwai bambance-bambance a cikin masu kama da walƙiya, masu amfani da kewaya, fiyu, wayoyi, hanyoyin da suke amfani da kansu, abubuwan da ake amfani da su don magancewa, da masu haɗawa;
• Ka’idoji don akwatunan haɗa abubuwa da abubuwan maɓallan maɓalli suna nan yadda suke.
1500V mai juyawa
• Masu kama walƙiya, masu amfani da kewaya, fiyu, da sauya wutar lantarki sun bambanta;
• Haɗawa, cire wutar lantarki, da fashewar ruwa sakamakon tashin ƙarfin lantarki;
• An rufe matakin ƙarfin lantarki na 1500V ta ƙa'idodin IEC masu dacewa.
Tsarin 1500V
A cikin tsara kirtani na tsarin 1500V, abubuwanda kowane sashin layi na 1000V ya kunsa ya kasance 18-22, kuma yanzu tsarin 1500V zai kara yawan abubuwan da aka hada a jerin zuwa 32-34, yana sanya kirtani masu yawa kasa da zama gaskiya.
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na yau da kullun, DC-side voltage 450-1000V, AC-side voltage 270-360V; Tsarin 1500V, adadin kayan kirtani guda daya ya karu da 50%, DC-side voltage 900-1500V, AC-side 400-1000V, ba wai kawai asarar layin DC ta rage Rashin asarar layi a gefen AC ya ragu sosai. Bukatun 1500V na abubuwan gyara, masu juyawa, igiyoyi, akwatunan hadawa, da inganta tsarin ”
Dangane da masu juyawa, a da an yi amfani da masu jujjuyawar 1MW a da, kuma a yanzu ana iya fadada su zuwa masu juyawar 2.5MW bayan amfani da tsarin 1500V; kuma an ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin AC ɗin. Masu jujjuyawar ƙarfi ɗaya da gefen AC Rage yawan ƙarancin fitarwa yana taimakawa rage farashin inverter.
Ta hanyar cikakken lissafi, bayan ingantaccen fasaha na tsarin 1500V, za a iya rage tsadar tsarin gaba daya da kimanin anin 2, kuma ingancin tsarin ana iya inganta shi da 2%. Don haka aikace-aikacen tsarin 1500V na taimakawa matuka don rage tsadar tsarin.
Ta amfani da tsarin 1500V, adadin abubuwanda ke cikin jerin yana ƙaruwa, adadin masu alaƙa da juna yana raguwa, adadin igiyoyi suna raguwa, kuma adadin masu haɗawa da masu juyawa yana raguwa. An ƙara ƙarfin lantarki, an rage asara, kuma an inganta ƙwarewar. Rage shigarwa da ɗawainiyar aiki yana rage shigarwa da tsadar kulawa. Wannan na iya rage farashin wutar LCOE.
Babban yayi! Tsarin hoto na 1500V yana haɓaka saurin zamanin parity
A cikin 2019, tare da canje-canje a cikin manufofin hoto, masana'antun suna neman rage farashin wutar lantarki, kuma haƙiƙa ne babu makawa don matsawa zuwa damar Intanet mai arha. Sabili da haka, ƙirƙirar fasaha shine nasara, rage farashin wutar lantarki da rage dogaro kan tallafi ya zama sabon shugabanci don ci gaban lafiya na masana'antar hotovoltaic. A lokaci guda, China, a matsayinta na babbar masana'antar kera kere-kere a duniya, ta taimaka wa yawancin kasashe don cimma daidaito a Intanet, amma har yanzu tana da dan nesa da daidaiton kan Intanet saboda wasu dalilai.
Babban dalilin da yasa kasuwar daukar hoto ta kasashen waje zata iya cimma daidaito shi ne, baya ga fa'idodin kasar Sin ta fuskar kudi, kasa, samun dama, hasken wuta, farashin wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu, mafi mahimmanci kuma darasin da aka koya shine cewa sun fi kasar China yawa. ci gaba Misali, tsarin daukar hoto tare da karfin 1500V. A halin yanzu, samfuran matakan ƙarfin lantarkiV 1500V sun zama babban mafita ga kasuwar ɗaukar hoto ta ƙasashen waje. Sabili da haka, hotunan hoto na cikin gida yakamata su mai da hankali kan ƙirar kirkirar tsarin, hanzarta aikace-aikacen 1500V da sauran fasahohin ci gaba, tabbatar da ragin farashi, ƙwarewa, da haɓaka ingantattun tashoshin wutar lantarki, da haɓaka masana'antar daukar hoto don matsawa zuwa zamanin daidaito.
Ruwan 1500V ya mamaye duniya
A cewar rahoton na IHS, an fara amfani da tsarin 1500V ne tun daga shekarar 2012. Zuwa shekarar 2014, kamfanin FirstSolar ya saka hannun jari a kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na farko mai daukar hoto 1500V. Dangane da lissafin FirstSolar: Tashar wutar lantarki mai daukar hoto ta 1500V ta rage adadin da'irori masu layi daya ta hanyar kara adadin jerin hotuna masu daukar hoto; rage adadin akwatunan mahada da igiyoyi; a lokaci guda, lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya ƙaru, asarar kebul ya ƙara raguwa, kuma ingantaccen ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na tsarin ya inganta.
A cikin shekarar 2015, babban kamfanin kera injiniyoyi na kasar Sin Sunshine Power shine ya jagoranci gabatar da hanyoyin magance tsarin bisa la’akari da zane mai jujjuyawar 1500V a masana’antar, amma saboda sauran bangarorin tallafawa ba su samar da cikakkiyar sarkar masana’antu a kasar Sin ba, kuma kamfanonin saka jari suna da karancin sani game da wannan, Maimakon ba da fifiko ga faɗaɗa ƙasashen ƙetare bayan haɓakar cikin gida mai girma, ta fara “cin nasara” a duniya sannan ta koma kasuwar Sinawa.
Daga mahangar kasuwar duniya, tsarin 1500V ya zama halin da ake buƙata don manyan ayyukan daukar hoto don rage tsada da haɓaka ƙwarewa. A cikin ƙasashe da ƙarancin farashin wutar lantarki kamar Indiya da Latin Amurka, manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki masu ɗaukar hoto kusan duk suna ɗaukar makircin ƙira na 1500V; kasashen da ke da kasuwannin wutar lantarki da suka ci gaba a Turai da Amurka sun sauya wutar lantarki ta DC daga tsarin hoto na 1000V zuwa 1500V; kasuwanni masu tasowa irin su Vietnam da Gabas ta Tsakiya kai tsaye sun shiga tsarin 1500V. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ana amfani da aikin GW-matakin daukar hoto na GW-1500 a duk duniya kuma ya sake saita rikodin duniya tare da ƙarancin wutar lantarki mai-ƙananan wutar lantarki.
A Amurka, ƙarfin shigar da kayan aikin 1500Vdc a cikin 2016 sun kai 30.5%. Zuwa 2017, ya ninka zuwa 64.4%. Ana sa ran wannan lambar za ta kai kashi 84.20% a shekarar 2019. A cewar kamfanin EPC na cikin gida: “Kowace sabuwar tashar wutar lantarki ta kasa ta 7GW a kowace shekara tana amfani da 1500V. Misali, tashar wutar lantarki ta farko mai girman sihiri a Wyoming, wacce aka hada ta da layin grid, tana amfani da hasken rana mai karfin 1500V wanda zai daidaita matsalar inverter.
Dangane da ƙididdiga, idan aka kwatanta da tsarin 1000V, ragin farashi da haɓaka ƙimar 1500V galibi ana nuna su cikin:
1) An haɓaka adadin abubuwan haɗin da aka haɗa a cikin jerin daga tubala 24 / kirtani zuwa 34 tubalan / kirtani, rage adadin kirtani. Daidai dai, yawan amfani da wayoyi masu daukar hoto ya ragu da kashi 48%, kuma farashin kayan aiki kamar akwatunan hadawa shima an rage shi da kusan 1/3, kuma an rage kudin da kimanin 0.05 yuan / Wp;
2) inara yawan abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin jerin yana rage tsadar tsarin tallafi, tushen tushe, gini, da girkawa da kimanin 0.05 yuan / Wp;
3) ACara ƙarfin haɗin grid na AC na tsarin 1500V ya karu daga 540V zuwa 800V, an haɗa maki da aka haɗa da layin, kuma ana iya rage asarar gefen AC da DC ta 1 ~ 2%.
4) Dangane da balagaggun lamarin na kasuwar ƙasashen ƙetare, iya ƙimar mafi kyau ta ƙaramin rukuni guda zai iya zama 6.25MW a cikin tsarin 1500V, har ma har zuwa 12.5MW a wasu yankuna. Ta hanyar haɓaka ƙarfin rukunin rukuni guda, ana iya rage farashin kayan aikin AC kamar su masu canza wuta.
Sabili da haka, idan aka kwatanta da tsarin 1000V na gargajiya, tsarin 1500V na iya rage farashi da 0.05 ~ 0.1 yuan / Wp, kuma ainihin ƙarfin ƙarfin zai iya ƙaruwa da 1 ~ 2%.
Ingara ta hanyar "m" 1500Vdc tsarin kasuwancin cikin gida
Idan aka kwatanta da kasuwar duniya, a cikin shekarun farko na masana'antar daukar hoto ta kasar Sin, saboda rashin saurin samar da masana'antar kere kere, tsarin 1500V ya fara ne a makare kuma ci gabansa bai yi jinkiri ba. An wasu manyan kamfanoni kamar Sunshine Power ne suka kammala R & D da takardar shaida. Amma tare da hauhawar tsarin 1500V akan sikeli na duniya, kasuwar cikin gida tayi amfani da shi, kuma sun sami kyakkyawan sakamako a ci gaba da kirkirar tsarin 1500V da aikace-aikace:
- A watan Yulin 2015, farkon inverter mai karkatar da 1500V wanda kamfanin Sunshine Power ya kirkira kuma ya samar dashi a kasar Sin ya samu nasarar kammala gwajin layin sadarwar kuma ya bude share fagen fasahar 1500V a kasuwar cikin gida.
- A cikin watan Janairun 2016, aikin nunin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na cikin gida 1500V na farko an hade shi da layin wutar lantarki.
- A watan Yunin 2016, a cikin aikin jagoran Datong na cikin gida na farko, an yi amfani da inverters masu karkatarwa na 1500V cikin rukuni.
- A watan Agustan 2016, Sunshine Power ya jagoranci ƙaddamar da inverter ta farko mai dunƙule 1500V a duniya, yana ƙara haɓaka gasa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta masu juya hoto na cikin gida.
A cikin wannan shekarar, aikin samar da kayyadadden tsarin daukar hoto na farko na kasar Sin 1500V an tsara shi bisa tsari ga tsarin samar da wuta a Golmud, Qinghai, yana mai nuni da cewa tsarin daukar hoto na 1500Vdc na cikin gida ya fara shiga fagen aikace-aikace. Adadin ƙarfin tashar wutar lantarki yakai 30MW. Sunshine Power yana ba da cikakkiyar hanyar mafita don wannan aikin, yana rage yawan kuɗin saka hannun jari ta hanyar 20%, farashin 0.1 yuan / Wp, da kuma rage rashi layin AC da DC ƙarancin wutar lantarki da ƙananan wuta.
1500V ya zama gama gari na kasuwar duniya
Tsarin 1500V, wanda ke da ragin farashi da inganci, a hankali ya zama zaɓi na farko don manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na ƙasa. Game da ci gaban tsarin 1500V na gaba, IHS ya yi hasashen cewa rabon masu juya 1500V zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa zuwa 74% a cikin 2019 kuma zai tashi zuwa 84% a cikin 2020, ya zama babban jigon masana'antar.
Daga hangen nesa da aka samu na karfin 1500V, ya kasance 2GW ne kawai a 2016 kuma ya wuce 30GW a 2018. Ya samu ci gaba sama da sau 14 a cikin shekaru biyu kawai, kuma ana sa ran zai ci gaba da ci gaba mai saurin ci gaba. Ana tsammanin jigilar kayayyaki a cikin 2019 da 2020 zai zama Adadin zai wuce 100GW. Ga kamfanonin kasar Sin, Sunshine Power ya girka fiye da 5GW na masu juya ingin na 1500V a duk duniya kuma yana da niyyar gabatar da wasu sabbin jerin igiyoyin 1500V da masu juyawa a cikin 2019 don saduwa da saurin ci gaban kasuwar da aka shigar.
Voltageara ƙarfin DC ɗin zuwa 1500V muhimmin canji ne a rage rage kuɗaɗe da haɓaka ƙwarewa, kuma yanzu ya zama babban mafita don ci gaban hoto na duniya. Tare da zamanin raguwar tallafi da daidaito a kasar Sin, za a yi amfani da tsarin 1500V sosai a cikin kasar Sin, wanda ke hanzarta isowa da cikakkiyar zamanin kasar Sin.
Nazarin tattalin arziki na 1500V tsarin photovoltaic
Daga 2018, komai ƙasan waje ko gida, yawan aikace-aikacen tsarin 1500V yana ƙara girma da girma. A cewar kididdigar IHS, yawan aikace-aikacen 1500V na manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na kasashen waje a cikin kasashen waje ya zarce 50% a shekarar 2018; bisa ga kididdigar farko, daga cikin rukuni na uku na gaban masu gudu a shekarar 2018, adadin aikace-aikacen 1500V ya kasance tsakanin 15% da 20%.
Shin tsarin 1500V na iya rage yawan kudin wutar lantarki don aikin? Wannan takarda tana yin nazarin kwatancen tattalin arziki na matakan ƙarfin lantarki guda biyu ta hanyar lissafin ka'idoji da ainihin bayanan shari'ar.
I. Tsarin zane na asali
Don bincika matakin farashin aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc a cikin tsarin hoto, ana amfani da tsarin ƙira na al'ada don kwatanta farashin aikin tare da tsarin tsarin gargajiya na 1000V.
1. kimanta lissafi
1) Tashar wutar ƙasa, shimfidar ƙasa, ƙarfin shigar ba'a iyakance ta yankin ƙasa ba;
2) Za'a yi la'akari da matsanancin zafin jiki da ƙarancin zafin jiki na aikin bisa 40 ℃ da -20 ℃.
3) Ana nuna sigogin mabuɗan abubuwan da aka zaɓa da masu juyawa a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.
2. Tsarin zane na asali
1) 1000V jerin ƙirar ƙira
22 310W bangarori masu ɗaukar hoto masu fuska biyu sun kafa reshe 6.82kW, rassa 2 sun samar da murabba'i mai faɗi, rassa 240 jimillar murabba'i 120, kuma ya shiga cikin masu juyawa 20 75kW (sau 1.09 fiye da rarraba a gefen DC, riba a bango) 15%, ya ninka-tanadi sau 1.25) don samar da rukunin samar da wuta mai karfin 1.6368MW.
An shigar da kayan a kwance daidai da 4 * 11, da gaba da baya na baya-bayan madaidaiciya madaukai.
2) 1500V jerin ƙirar ƙira
34 310W kayayyaki masu daukar hoto biyu masu juzu'i sun kafa reshe 10.54kW, rassa 2 sun samar da matattarar murabba'i, rassa 324 suna da jimillar murabba'i 162, kuma an shigar da masu juya juzu'i 18 175kW (sau 1.08 fiye da rarrabawa a gefen DC, riba a kan baya Idan akayi la'akari da 15%, yakai sau 1.25 sama da tanadi) don samar da rukunin samar da wuta mai karfin 3.415MW.
An shigar da kayan a kwance daidai da 4 * 17, da gaba da baya na baya-bayan madaidaiciya madaukai.
Na biyu, tasirin 1500V akan farkon saka hannun jari
Dangane da ƙirar ƙira a sama, nazarin kwatankwacin yawan injiniyanci da tsadar tsarin 1500V da tsarin 1000V na gargajiya kamar haka.
Shafin 3: Tsarin saka hannun jari na tsarin 1000V
Shafin 4: Tsarin saka hannun jari na tsarin 1500V
Ta hanyar nazarin kwatanta, an gano cewa idan aka kwatanta da tsarin 1000V na gargajiya, tsarin 1500V yana adana kimanin 0.1 yuan / W na tsadar tsarin.
Na uku, tasirin 1500V akan samar da wuta
Jawabin lissafi:
Amfani da kayan haɗin guda ɗaya, ba za a sami bambanci a samar da wuta ba saboda bambance-bambance a cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa; idan muka ɗauki shimfidar ƙasa, ba za a sami inuwa ba saboda canje-canjen ƙasa;
Bambanci a cikin samar da wuta galibi ya dogara ne da dalilai biyu: rashin daidaituwa tsakanin abubuwan da aka haɗa da kirtani, asarar layin DC, da asarar layin AC.
1. rashin dacewar asara tsakanin kayan aiki da kirtani
Adadin jerin abubuwa na reshe guda daya ya karu daga 22 zuwa 34. Saboda karkatarwar wutar lantarki na W 3W tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban, ƙarancin wuta tsakanin abubuwan tsarin 1500V zai ƙaru, amma ba za'a iya lissafta shi adadi ba.
An kara yawan hanyoyin samun masu amfani da inverter guda daya daga 12 zuwa 18, amma an kara adadin hanyoyin bin hanyar MPPT na inverter daga 6 zuwa 9 dan tabbatar da cewa rassa 2 sun dace da 1 MPPT. Rashin MPPT baya ƙaruwa.
2. Lalacewar layin DC da AC
Tsarin lissafi na asarar layi
Q asarar = I2R = (P / U) 2R = ρ (P / U) 2 (L / S)
1) Lissafin asarar layin DC
Tebur: Rashin asarar layin DC na reshe ɗaya
Ta hanyar lissafin lissafin da ke sama, an gano cewa asarar layin DC na tsarin 1500V ya ninka na 0.765 na tsarin 1000V, wanda yayi daidai da rage asarar layin DC da kashi 23.5%.
2) Lissafin asarar layin AC
Tebur: Rashin asarar layin AC na inverter guda ɗaya
Dangane da lissafin ka'idojin da ke sama, an gano cewa asarar layin DC na tsarin 1500V ya ninka na 0.263 na tsarin 1000V, wanda yayi daidai da rage asarar layin AC da kashi 73.7%.
3) Ainihin yanayin shari'ar
Tunda rashin daidaituwa tsakanin abubuwa ba za'a iya lissafin su adadi ba, kuma ainihin yanayin yafi ɗaukar nauyi, za ayi amfani da ainihin lamarin don ƙarin bayani.
Wannan labarin yana amfani da ainihin bayanan samar da wutar lantarki na rukuni na uku na aikin mai gudu na gaba. Lokacin tattara bayanai daga Mayu zuwa Yuni 2019, jimlar watanni 2 na bayanai.
Tebur: Kwatanta ƙarfin ƙarni tsakanin tsarin 1000V da 1500V
Daga teburin da ke sama, ana iya gano cewa a daidai wannan shafin aikin, ta amfani da abubuwa iri ɗaya, samfuran masana'antun masu juyawa, da kuma hanyar shigar da ƙwanan ɗaya, tsakanin Mayu zuwa Yunin 2019, awannin samar da wutar lantarki na tsarin 1500V sun kasance 1.55% mafi girma fiye da tsarin 1000V.
Ana iya ganin cewa kodayake yawan adadin kayan haɗin kirtani guda ɗaya zai ƙara rashin daidaituwa tsakanin abubuwan da aka gyara domin zai iya rage asarar layin DC da kimanin kashi 23.5% da asarar layin AC da kimanin 73.7%, tsarin 1500V na iya ƙara samar da wutar lantarki na aikin.
Na huɗu, cikakken bincike
Ta hanyar nazarin da ke sama, zamu iya gano cewa idan aka kwatanta da tsarin 1000V na gargajiya, tsarin 1500V,
1) Iya ajiye game da 0.1 yuan / W tsarin kudin;
2) Kodayake yawan adadin kayan zaren guda daya zai kara rashin daidaito tsakanin abubuwan, amma saboda zai iya rage asarar layin DC da kimanin kashi 23.5% da asarar layin AC da kimanin 73.7%, tsarin 1500V zai kara samar da wutar lantarki na aikin.
Sabili da haka, aikace-aikacen 1500Vdc a cikin tsarin photovoltaic farashin iko ana iya rage shi zuwa wani mizani.
A cewar Dong Xiaoqing, shugaban Cibiyar Injin Injiniya ta Hebei, sama da kashi 50% na tsare-tsaren aikin kere-kere na hotunan kere-kere na kasa sun zabi 1500V; ana sa ran rabon 1500V na kasa na tashoshin wutar lantarki a shekara ta 2019 zai kai kimanin 35%; za a kara karuwa a shekarar 2020.
IHS Markit, sanannen kamfanin ba da shawara na duniya, ya ba da kyakkyawan hasashe. A cikin rahoton bincikensu na kasuwar daukar hoto ta duniya ta 1500V, sun nuna cewa sikelin karfin wutar lantarki mai karfin 1500V zai wuce 100GW a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa.
Hoto: Hasashen adadin 1500V a tashoshin wutar lantarki na duniya
Ba tare da wata shakka ba, yayin da tsarin ba da tallafi na masana'antar fotovoltaic a duniya ke hanzarta, kuma matuƙar bin kuɗin wutar lantarki, 1500V, a zaman mafita na fasaha wanda zai iya rage farashin lantarki, za a ci gaba da amfani da shi.
