Na'urorin Kariyar Jirgin Ruwa na DC don Shigar PV

Solar Panel PV Combiner Box DC Surge Na'urar Kariya

Saboda dole ne a tsara Na'urorin Kariya na DC don shigar PV don samar da cikakken haske zuwa hasken rana, suna da matukar damuwa ga tasirin walƙiya. Thearfin tsararren PV yana da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa yankin da ya fallasa, don haka tasirin tasirin walƙiya yana ƙaruwa da girman tsarin. Inda abubuwan haske suke yawaita, tsarin PV mara kariya zai iya fuskantar maimaitaccen lalacewa mai mahimmanci ga abubuwan maɓalli. Wannan yana haifar da gyara mai mahimmanci da farashin sauyawa, tsarin aiki lokaci da asarar kudaden shiga. An tsara shi yadda yakamata, aka ayyana kuma aka girka na'urorin kariya (SPDs) don rage tasirin tasirin walƙiya yayin amfani dashi tare da tsarin kariyar walƙiya.

Tsarin kariyar walƙiya wanda ya haɗa da abubuwa na asali kamar tashoshin iska, masu gudanar da ƙasa masu dacewa, haɗakar kayan aiki ga duk abubuwan da ke ɗauke da su a halin yanzu da kuma ka'idojin shimfida ƙasa masu kyau suna ba da rufin kariya daga yajin kai tsaye. Idan akwai damuwa game da haɗarin walƙiya a shafin PV ɗin ku, Ina matuƙar ba da shawarar hayar ƙwararren injiniyan lantarki tare da gwaninta a wannan fagen don samar da nazarin ƙididdigar haɗari da tsarin tsarin kariya idan ya cancanta.

Yana da mahimmanci fahimtar banbanci tsakanin tsarin kare walƙiya da SPDs. Manufar tsarin kariyar walƙiya shine don watsa tashoshin walƙiya kai tsaye ta hanyar manyan kwastomomin da ke ɗauke da su zuwa ƙasa, don haka adana tsaruka da kayan aiki daga kasancewa cikin hanyar wannan fitowar ko bugun kai tsaye. Ana amfani da SPDs zuwa tsarin lantarki don samar da hanyar fitarwa zuwa ƙasa don ceton waɗannan abubuwan haɗin tsarin daga fuskantarwa ga masu saurin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki wanda sakamakon kai tsaye ko kai tsaye na walƙiya ko tsarin rashin ƙarfi. Ko da tare da tsarin kariya ta walƙiya na waje a wurin, ba tare da SPDs ba, tasirin walƙiya har yanzu yana iya haifar da babbar illa ga abubuwan da aka gyara.

Don dalilan wannan labarin, Ina ɗauka cewa wasu nau'ikan kariya ta walƙiya suna wurin kuma suna bincika nau'ikan, aiki, da fa'idodin ƙarin amfani da SPDs masu dacewa. A tare tare da ingantaccen tsarin kariya ta walƙiya, amfani da SPDs a wurare masu mahimmanci na tsarin yana kiyaye manyan abubuwa kamar masu juyawa, kayayyaki, kayan aiki a cikin akwatunan haɗawa, da kuma aunawa, sarrafawa, da tsarin sadarwa.

Mahimmancin SPDs

Baya ga sakamakon yin walƙiya kai tsaye ga masu shiryawa, haɗa haɗin kebul yana da saukin kamuwa da yanayin wucewa ta hanyar lantarki. Masu wucewa kai tsaye ko kuma kai tsaye kai tsaye ta hanyar walƙiya, haka nan kuma masu wucewa waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar ayyukan sauya-amfani, suna bijirar da kayan lantarki da na lantarki zuwa maɗaukakiyar rikitarwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci (dubun zuwa ɗaruruwan microseconds). Bayyanawa ga waɗannan volan wutar na ɗan lokaci na iya haifar da lalacewar kayan haɗari wanda ƙila za a iya lura da shi ta hanyar lalacewar inji da bin carbon ko kuma ba za a iya lura da shi ba amma har yanzu yana haifar da kayan aiki ko gazawar tsarin.

Fitowa na dogon lokaci ga masu saurin wuce gona da iri suna lalata wutar lantarki da kayan rufi a cikin kayan aikin PV har sai an sami matsala ta ƙarshe. Bugu da kari, masu saurin wucewa na lantarki na iya bayyana a ma'auni, sarrafawa da da'irorin sadarwa. Waɗannan masu wucewa na iya bayyana alamun kuskure ne ko bayanai, suna haifar da kayan aiki aiki ko rufewa. Matsakaicin dabarun SPDs yana rage waɗannan batutuwan saboda suna aiki azaman raguwa ko na'urorin matsewa.

Halayen fasaha na SPDs

Fasahar SPD da aka fi amfani da ita a cikin aikace-aikacen PV shine ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe (MOV), wanda ke aiki azaman na'urar haɗe ƙarfin lantarki. Sauran fasahohin SPD sun hada da silikan ruwan dusar kankara, ragowar kyalkyali masu sarrafawa, da bututun fitar iskar gas. Na biyun na ƙarshe suna sauya na'urori waɗanda suka bayyana azaman gajeren da'ira ko kumbura. Kowace fasaha tana da halaye na kansa, yana mai da shi mafi dacewa ko ƙasa da takamaiman aikace-aikace. Hakanan za'a iya haɗa haɗin waɗannan na'urori don samar da kyawawan halaye fiye da yadda suke bayarwa daban-daban. Tebur 1 ya lissafa manyan nau'ikan SPD da aka yi amfani dasu a cikin tsarin PV kuma suna bayani dalla-dalla game da halayen aikinsu na gaba ɗaya.

SPD dole ne ta sami ikon canza jihohi da sauri don ɗan gajeren lokacin da mai wucewa ya kasance kuma ya fitar da girman halin yanzu ba tare da gazawa ba. Har ila yau, na'urar dole ne ta rage sauke ƙarfin lantarki a cikin kewayen SPD don kare kayan aikin da aka haɗa ta. A ƙarshe, aikin SPD bai kamata ya tsoma baki tare da aikin yau da kullun na wannan da'irar ba.

An bayyana halayen aiki na SPD ta sigogi da yawa wanda duk wanda ke yin zaɓi don SPDs dole ne ya fahimta. Wannan batun yana buƙatar ƙarin cikakkun bayanai waɗanda za a iya rufe su a nan, amma masu biyowa wasu sigogi ne waɗanda ya kamata a yi la’akari da su: matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai aiki, aikace-aikacen ac ko dc, fitowar fitarwa ta yanzu (wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar girma da girman igiyar ruwa), matakin kariyar ƙarfin lantarki ( voltagearfin wutar lantarki wanda ke nan lokacin da SPD ke sauke takamaiman halin yanzu) da na ɗan lokaci na wucewa (ci gaba da wuce gona da iri da za a iya amfani da shi na takamaiman lokaci ba tare da lalata SPD ba).

Ana iya sanya SPDs ta amfani da kayan fasaha daban-daban a cikin da'ira iri ɗaya. Koyaya, dole ne a zaba su da kulawa don tabbatar da daidaiton makamashi tsakanin su. Dole ne fasahar kayan masarufi tare da mafi girman fitarwa ya fitar da mafi girman adadin wadataccen halin yanzu yayin da sauran kayan fasahar ke rage ragowar karfin wutan da zai ragu zuwa mafi girma kamar yadda yake sauke karami.

Dole ne SPD ta kasance tana da na'urar kare kai wanda ke cire shi daga kewaya idan na'urar ta gaza. Don yin wannan cire haɗin yana bayyane, yawancin SPDs suna nuna tuta wanda ke nuna halin cire haɗin ta. Nuna matsayin SPD ta hanyar haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗi shine ingantaccen fasali wanda zai iya samar da sigina zuwa wuri mai nisa. Wani mahimmin halayyar samfuri da zamuyi la’akari da shi shine ko SPD tayi amfani da amincin yatsa, mai cirewa wanda zai bada damar maye gurbin tsarin da ya gaza cikin sauƙi ba tare da kayan aiki ba ko buƙatar sake kuzarin aikin.

Na'urorin Kariyar Kariyar AC don la'akari da shigarwa na PV

Walƙiya ta haskaka daga gajimare zuwa tsarin kare walƙiya, tsarin PV ko ƙasa da ke kusa yana haifar da haɓakar ƙasa-ƙasa dangane da nassoshi masu nisa. Masu jagorantar keɓaɓɓun waɗannan nisan suna bijirar da kayan aiki ga manyan matakan wuta. Tasirin haɓakar ƙimar ƙasa yana da ƙwarewa da farko a wurin haɗin tsakanin tsarin PV wanda aka haɗa shi da layin wutar lantarki da mai amfani a ƙofar sabis - wurin da ake amfani da ƙasa ta ƙasa ta hanyar lantarki ta haɗa da ƙasa da aka ambata.

Ya kamata a sanya kariyar ƙaruwa a ƙofar sabis don kare gefen mai amfani da mai juyawa daga lalata masu wucewa. Kwancen da aka gani a wannan wurin na da girma da kuma tsawon lokaci kuma saboda haka dole ne a gudanar da shi ta hanyar kariyar ƙaruwa tare da ƙimar fitarwa mai kyau a halin yanzu. Abubuwan da aka sarrafa na walƙiya wanda aka yi amfani dasu cikin daidaituwa tare da MOVs sun dace don wannan dalili. Fasaha tazarar wuta ta walƙiya na iya fitar da igiyoyin walƙiya ta hanyar samar da aikin haɗin gwal a yayin ɗan lokaci mai saurin walƙiya. MOVaƙƙarfan MOV yana da ikon haɗa ragowar ƙarfin lantarki zuwa matakin da aka yarda da shi.

Toari da tasirin haɓakar ƙasa-ƙasa, ana iya shafar gefen gefen inverter ta hanyar walƙiya da sauyin sauye-sauye masu amfani wanda ya bayyana a ƙofar sabis. Don rage girman lalacewar kayan aiki, yakamata a yi amfani da kariyar kariyar AC daidai yadda yake kusa da ƙarshen tashar injin mai juyawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, tare da gajeriyar hanya madaidaiciya don masu gudanar da isasshen yankin yanki. Rashin aiwatar da wannan ma'aunin ƙirar ƙira yana haifar da saukar da ƙarfin ƙarfin da ya fi ƙarfin a cikin layin SPD yayin fitarwa kuma ya fallasa kayan aikin da aka kiyaye zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfin wucewa fiye da yadda ake buƙata.

Na'urorin Kariyar Hawan DC don Tattaunawar shigarwa ta PV

Kai tsaye ya buge zuwa sassan da ke ƙasa (gami da tsarin kariya ta walƙiya), kuma haske da girgije mai shiga tsakani wanda zai iya zama girman 100 kA na iya haifar da filayen maganadisu wanda ke haifar da igiyar wucewa cikin tsarin PV dc cabling. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin na wucin gadi suna bayyana a tashoshin kayan aiki kuma suna haifar da ruɓaɓɓu da gazawar wutar lantarki na mahimman abubuwan haɗin.

Sanya SPDs a keɓaɓɓun wurare yana rage tasirin waɗannan raƙuman ruwan da aka sanya da kuma walƙiya. An sanya SPD a layi daya tsakanin masu ba da kuzari da ƙasa. Yana canza yanayin daga na'urar da ke da matukar damuwa zuwa na'urar rashin ƙarfi lokacin da yawan zafin rai ya faru. A cikin wannan daidaitawar, SPD ta ƙaddamar da halin yanzu na ɗan lokaci, yana rage girman ƙarfin da zai iya kasancewa a tashoshin kayan aikin. Wannan na'uran na aura baya ɗaukar kowane irin nauyi. Dole ne zaɓaɓɓen SPD ya zama an tsara shi musamman, ƙididdige shi kuma an yarda da shi don aikace-aikace a kan ƙa'idodin dc PV. Cire haɗin SPD ɗin dole ne ya sami damar katse dc arc mafi tsanani, wanda ba'a samu akan aikace-aikacen ac ba.

Haɗa kayayyaki na MOV a cikin daidaitawar Y shine tsarin SPD da aka saba amfani dashi akan manyan kasuwancin PV na kasuwanci da sikeli mai amfani wanda ke aiki da matsakaicin ƙarfin buɗe ido na 600 ko 1,000 Vdc. Kowane kafa na Y yana ƙunshe da sigar MOV da aka haɗa ta kowace sanda da ƙasa. A cikin tsarin da ba shi da tushe, akwai matakai guda biyu tsakanin kowane sanda, kuma tsakanin sandar da ƙasa. A cikin wannan daidaitawa, kowane rukuni an kimanta shi don rabin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, don haka koda kuwa kuskuren ƙasa zuwa ƙasa ya auku, ƙananan matakan MOV ba su wuce ƙimar da aka kimanta ba.

La'akari da Kariyar Tsarin Karfin Rashin Karfi

Kamar yadda kayan aikin wutar lantarki da kayan aikin suke da saukin walƙiya, haka ma kayan aikin da aka samo a cikin ma'auni, sarrafawa, kayan aiki, SCADA da tsarin sadarwa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da waɗannan abubuwan girke-girke. A cikin waɗannan halayen, mahimmancin batun karuwar tashin hankali daidai yake da yadda yake kan da'irorin da ke da ƙarfi. Koyaya, saboda wannan kayan aikin yawanci bashi da haƙuri game da motsin rai da yawa kuma mai saukin kamuwa da siginar kuskure kuma zai iya fuskantar mummunan tasiri ta hanyar ƙarin jerin abubuwa ko abubuwan da aka daidaita a cikin da'irorin, dole ne a ba da cikakkiyar kulawa ga halaye na kowane SPD da aka ƙara. Ana kiran takamaiman SPDs bisa ga ko waɗannan abubuwan haɗin suna sadarwa ta hanyar jujjuya biyu, CAT 6 Ethernet ko coaxial RF. Bugu da kari, SPDs da aka zaba don da'irorin da ba na karfi ba dole ne su iya fitar da igiyar wucin gadi ba tare da gazawa ba, don samar da isasshen matakin kariya na lantarki da kauce wa tsoma baki tare da aikin tsarin - gami da rashin daidaiton jerin, layi-da-layi da karfin kasa da kuma saurin zafin jiki .

Kuskure gama gari na SPDs

An yi amfani da SPDs zuwa da'irorin lantarki na shekaru masu yawa. Yawancin da'irar wutar lantarki ta zamani suna canza tsarin yau da kullun. Kamar wannan, yawancin kayan aikin kariya da aka tsara don amfani a cikin tsarin ac. Gabatarwar kwanan nan na tsarin kasuwanci da sikeli mai matukar amfani PV da karuwar adadin tsarin da aka tura ya haifar, da rashin alheri, ya haifar da rashin amfani zuwa bangaren dc na SPDs da aka tsara don tsarin ac. A waɗannan yanayin, SPDs suna yin aiki ba daidai ba, musamman yayin yanayin rashin nasarar su, saboda halayen tsarin dc PV.

MOVs suna ba da kyawawan halaye don yin hidimar SPDs. Idan an kimanta su da kyau kuma an yi amfani da su daidai, suna yin aiki mai kyau don wannan aikin. Koyaya, kamar duk samfuran lantarki, zasu iya kasawa. Rashin nasara na iya haifar da zafin dumama yanayi, watsar da igiyoyin ruwa wadanda suka fi karfin na'urar da aka kera ta don rikewa, fitarwa sau da yawa ko kuma fuskantarwa da ci gaba da yanayin wutar lantarki.

Sabili da haka, an tsara SPDs tare da sauya haɗin haɗin haɗin keɓaɓɓe wanda zai raba su daga haɗin haɗin layi ɗaya zuwa kewayen dc mai kuzari idan hakan ya zama dole. Tunda wasu halin yanzu suna wucewa yayin da SPD ta shiga yanayin rashin nasara, ƙaramin baka ya bayyana yayin da mai cire haɗin thermal ke aiki. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a kan hanyar ac, ƙetare na farko na ƙetaren janareto wanda aka kawo yanzu yana kashe wannan baka, kuma an cire SPD daga kewaya. Idan ana amfani da wannan SP SPD ɗin a gefen dc na tsarin PV, musamman maɗaukakiyar voltages, babu ƙetare mara siffa ta halin yanzu a cikin dc waveform. Mai canzawa wanda yake aiki da zafin jiki na yau da kullun bazai iya bice wutar baka ba, kuma na'urar ta gaza.

Sanya madaidaiciyar hanyar kewaye kewaye da MOV hanya ce guda don shawo kan bicewar dc laifin baka. Idan yanayin cirewar wutar yayi aiki, wani baka zai bayyana a gaba ga abokan huldarsa na budewa; amma wannan baka ta atomatik an juya shi zuwa hanyar da ta dace wacce ke dauke da fis a inda aka kashe baka, kuma fis din ya katse kuskuren na yanzu.

Fuskan fuska ta gaba gaban SPD, kamar yadda za'a iya amfani dashi akan tsarin ac, bai dace akan tsarin dc ba. Thearancin gajeren hanya wanda yake yanzu don aiki da fis (kamar yadda yake a cikin wata na'urar kariya ta wuce gona da iri) bazai wadatar ba lokacin da janareto ya rage ƙarfin fitarwa. Sakamakon haka, wasu masana'antun SPD sunyi la'akari da wannan cikin ƙirar su. UL ta gyara matsayinta na farko ta hanyar ƙarinta zuwa sabon kariyar tashin hankali-UL 1449. Wannan bugun na uku ya dace da tsarin PV.

Lissafin SPD

Duk da haɗarin haɗarin walƙiya wanda yawancin shigarwar PV ke fuskanta, ana iya kiyaye su ta amfani da SPDs da ingantaccen tsarin kariya ta walƙiya. Ingantaccen aiwatarwar SPD ya kamata ya haɗa da waɗannan lamuran masu zuwa:

• Sanya wuri a cikin tsarin
• Bukatun ƙarshe
• Daidaita ƙasa da haɗuwa da tsarin-kayan ƙasa
• Bayanin fitarwa
• Matakan kare matakan lantarki
• Daidaitawa ga tsarin da ake magana, gami da aikace-aikacen dc da ac
• Yanayin kasawa
• Nunin nuni na gari da na nesa
• Sauƙaƙan kayayyaki
• Ya kamata tsarin tsarin al'ada ya zama ba shi da tasiri, musamman akan tsarin da ba shi da ƙarfi