Multi-bugun jini ya karu na'urar kariya ta MSPD

2 PfG 2634 - testarin gwaji don Multi-bugun jini devicesararrun na'urori masu kariya waɗanda aka haɗa da tsarin wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi - Bukatu da hanyoyin gwaji

Zangon

Wannan ƙarin gwaji ɗaya ne kawai don IEC 61643-11: 2011. Wannan ƙarin gwajin na iya amfani da na'urori don kariyar tashin hankali daga kai tsaye da tasirin kai tsaye na walƙiya ko wasu rikitarwa masu wucewa. An haɗa waɗannan na'urori don haɗa su zuwa 50/60 Hz ac da'irar lantarki, da kayan aikin da aka kimanta har zuwa 1 000 V rms

Abubuwan haɓaka aiki, ingantattun hanyoyi don gwaji da ƙimantawa an kafa su. Waɗannan na'urori suna ƙunshe da aƙalla abin da ba na layi ba kuma ana nufin su iyakance tashin hankali da karkatar da igiyar ruwa.

Nassoshi na al'ada

IEC 61643-11: 2011, Na'urar kariya mai saurin tashin hankali - Sashe na 11: kariyar kariyar da ke hade da tsarin karfin wutar lantarki-bukatun da hanyar gwaji

3. Sharuɗɗa, ma'anoni, da gajartawa

3.1.101 (MSPD) Multi-bugun jini yana ƙaruwa da na'urar kariya

SPD wacce ke da ikon fuskantar matsalolin bugun jini da yawa a fitarwa ɗaya kuma ana gwada shi tare da raƙuman haɗin bugun jini da yawa

Lura: idan mai sana'ar ya bayyana cewa SPD zai iya tsayayya da maganganu masu yawa, MSPD yana buƙatar ƙaddamar da buƙatar gwaji don (MCW) Tsarin haɗakar Multi-bugun jini.

3.1.102 (MCW) Multi-bugun mahaɗan hadewar ruwa

Arfin buguwa na yanzu yana haɗuwa da bugun jini da yawa bisa ga ƙayyadadden fadada da tazarar lokaci

8.3.101 gwajin da ake buƙata don (MCW) Maɓuɓɓugan mahaɗar mahaɗa da yawa

Ana amfani da gwajin don MSPD wanda kawai don haɗi L-PE / N a cikin tsarin TN, TT da IT.

Don wannan gwajin, za a yi amfani da sababbin samfuran guda uku kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata don wannan gwajin suna komawa zuwa IEC 61643-11: 2011 Magana ta 8

8.3.101.1 ma'aunin gwaji na (MCW) Maɓuɓɓugan mahaɗan mahaɗa

Lura: teburin da ke sama don iyakar matsakaicin MCW har zuwa ambaton, mai ƙira zai iya bayyana nasu ƙayyadadden ma'aunin MCW na MSPD a cikin sigar kamar yadda sashi na 8.3.101.3 ya nuna. Dole ne a haɗa lokacin tazara tare da teburin da ke sama yana nuna cewa tazarar daga ta farko zuwa ta ƙarshe ita ce 60 ms, kuma lokacin tazara tsakanin abubuwan biyu da suka gabata shine 400 ms.

8.3.101.2 Tsarin hanzari na janareta mai saurin-mahaɗa

8.3.101.3 Gano nau'ikan mahaɗa da yawa

misali MS-8 / 20s-10p / 20kA
MS - Magunguna masu yawa
8 / 20μs - motsawar yanzu
10p - 10 bugun jini
20kA - peaka'idodin ƙoli daga na biyu zuwa na tarawa

8.3.101.4 zane-zanen kewaye

Sai kawai U_ref= 255 V, mai yiwuwa gajeren gajeren gajere na wannan tushen wutar lantarki sama da 100 A ana buƙata a cikin gwajin. Sauran tsarin ikon rarraba yana la'akari. Idan masana'antun suka bayyana masu cire haɗin waje, masu cire haɗin waje ya kamata su nemi haɗuwa yayin gwajin, amma cire haɗin waje bazai faru ba.

8.3.101.5 Ka'idojin wucewa

TUV Rheinland ya fito da sababbin ka'idoji 2 PfG 2634.08.17 - testarin gwaji don Multi-bugun jini devicesara na'urorin kariya da ke haɗe da ƙananan ƙarfin wutar lantarki - Bukatu da hanyoyin gwaji

Matsakaici akan asalin daidaitaccen gwajin duniya yana ƙaruwa da gwajin bugun jini da yawa, fasahar gwajin kusa da layin rarraba layi na SPD a cikin kwafin muhalli, wanda halaye masu haske na walƙiya suka fahimta don fahimtar tsawa da walƙiya, walƙiya tsaro yana ba da sabon dandamali don babban matakin bincike, yana da fa'ida ga ci gaban da aka yi niyya don dacewa da aikace-aikace daban-daban a fagen kayayyakin kare walƙiya, don samar da gyaran tafiyar da ɗaruruwan miliyoyin SPD kawai tallafin fasaha ta kan layi, za Har ila yau, inganta SPD R&D na duniya da haɓaka fasahar samarwa.

Taron ya gayyaci masana da yawa a fagen SPD, tare don gudanar da ayyukan masana'antu na SPD, fasaha, inganci, bincike da haɓaka ma'aikata don warware sabbin ƙa'idodin SPD, don taimakawa kamfanoni don haɓaka ƙarfin bincike da haɓaka ci gaba, waɗanda aka tsara don saduwa da bukatun samfuran inganci, taimakawa kowane babban masana'anta don shiga kasuwar ƙasa da ƙasa, haɓaka hoton kasuwancin.

Matsayin gwajin SPD daga bugun jini ɗaya zuwa bugun jini da yawa

Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da fasaha da lantarki, kowane irin ci-gaba lantarki kayayyakin da ake amfani da ko'ina a yi, sufuri, wutar lantarki, sadarwa, sinadaran masana'antu da sauran filayen, kuma tare da low irin ƙarfin lantarki rarraba tsarin a cikin wani iri-iri na lantarki aka gyara na fasaha sannu-sannu, babban ƙimar darajar matsin lamba, ƙwarewa mai ƙarfi, haɗakarwa da kayan haɗin lantarki zuwa aikace-aikacen. Koyaya, yawan walƙiya ko yawan aiki, yawanci yakan haifar da cutarwa ga abubuwan lantarki. Sabili da haka, don hana yawan walƙiya da yin aiki fiye da kima akan kayan lantarki da lantarki da haɓaka aminci da amincin tsarin kayan aiki, an yi amfani da kowane irin kayan SPD.

Koyaya, saboda yanayin jikin mutum na tsawa kuma bashi da cikakkiyar fahimta da fahimta, walƙiya tana haifar da nau'ikan ra'ayoyi akan wasu abubuwan da ake buƙata da zato, da kuma fa'idar aikace-aikacen mai kariya, tashin kayayyakin walƙiya, galibi bisa tushen fahimta na walƙiyar bugun jini guda ɗaya. Irƙirar SPD ta duniya a baya suma suna daidai da ƙirar bincike na zamani na IEC 61643 na ƙasa da ƙasa da samar da ƙa'idodin fasaha, kuma ta manyan dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu walƙiya suna amfani da 10 / 350μs ko 8/20μs gwajin na bugun jini mai ƙarfi. .

A zahiri, a cikin recentan shekarun nan sakamakon saka idanu na tsawa da walƙiya da tsawa da aikin kare walƙiya ya nuna cewa walƙiya tare da bugun jini mai ƙarfi na gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje na hanyoyin SPD, da kuma gaskiyar ainihin walƙiyar bugun jini a lokacin buguwa da yawa, ta hanyar bugun jini guda daya na SPD a cikin haƙurin gaske yayin da walƙiya ta buge shi, da ƙimar da ba ta dace ba, kuma sau da yawa yakan haifar da zafin rana na SPD ya faɗo cikin wuta, ya haifar da hatsarin gobara. Sabili da haka, jure wa bugun jini SPD ya zama buƙatu na gaggawa a fagen kariyar walƙiya a cikin gida da waje, yana ba masu masana'antun dama mai kyau don ci gaba.

Amma sakamakon masana'antun SPD sun sabunta rashin fahimtar ƙa'idodin da suka dace, akwai wasu iyakance dangane da ƙirar samfura, yana haifar da masana'antun samar da SPD da wahalar cimma nasarori cikin haɓaka samfura da samarwa, suna gwagwarmayar bincika kasuwannin duniya.

Domin inganta ci gaban juriya ga tasirin bugun jini da yawa na samfurin SPD, TUV Rheinland hukumar cikin gida ta hukumomin gwajin SPD - "Cibiyar Gwajin Beijing Leishan", tare da halaye na kamfanonin cikin gida, tare da gwajin kwayar SPD da bugun jini da yawa ƙa'idodi da mafita, don masana'antun da ke da alaƙa don samar da hanyoyi masu sauri da cikakke, suna taimaka wa masana'antun SPD cikin kasuwar duniya.

Takaddun shaida na SPD TUV Rheinland ya kasance sananne sosai a cikin duniya, ƙwararrun ƙwararru don ba da aminci da tabbaci mai kyau ga samfurin, da taimaka wa abokan ciniki don samun sabon ilimin fasaha da ƙarfin kasuwa. Bugu da ƙari, TUV Rheinland yana da cikakken tushen abokin ciniki, na iya taimaka wa masana'antun SPD faɗaɗa tashoshin abokan ciniki.

Mahara-bugun jini da yawa mai ba da kariya (MSPD) bango da halin da ake ciki na daidaitaccen gwajin

A watan Nuwamba 2017, Jamus TUV Rheinland Group sun fitar da "haɗi zuwa tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙananan ƙarfin bugun jini mai ƙarfi ƙarin na'urar gwaji - bukatun yin aiki da hanyoyin gwaji (IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634), da" Beijing Leishan Testing Cibiyar "TUV Rheinland SPD buɗe haɗin haɗin kan samfur.

2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 mizanin ya dogara ne akan asalin daidaitaccen gwajin duniya yana kara yawan bugun bugun jini mai yawa, fasahar gwajin ta fi kusa da layin watsa layin layin SPD yanayin da ke da tasirin halaye na walƙiyar halitta, don haɗuwa da tsawa, walƙiya tsaro yana ba da shugabanci na bincike na babban matakin, yana da amfani ga ci gaban da aka yi niyya don daidaitawa da aikace-aikace daban-daban a fagen samfuran kariyar walƙiya, don samar da gyaran tafiyar da ɗaruruwan miliyoyin SPD kawai keɓaɓɓen goyan bayan kan layi, inganta SPD na duniya R&D da haɓaka fasahar haɓakawa.

Matsayi na 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 wanda aka fitar da bikin cika shekaru biyu, daraktan Sun Yong na "Beijing Leishan Testing Center" da Injiniya Yang Yongming na Jamus Rhine TUV, tare suka sake nazarin tsarin tsara gwajin gwaji na 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17, kuma ya gabatar da halin ci gaban yanzu.

Sun Yong: ingantaccen tsarin bugun gini mai yawa

A cikin 2016 Beijing Leishan kamfanin kafa walƙiya mahara bugun jini babban ƙarfin lantarki awon. Kariyar da ake samu ta hanyar bugun jini da yawa na kasar China (MSPD) da kuma matsakaicin gwajin bugun jini (daftarin) masanin, shahararren masanin kariyar walƙiya Yang Shaojie izini, "Cibiyar Gwajin Beijing Leishan" ta sami nasarar mai kariyar MSPD ta rubuta bugun jini da yawa Gwajin gwaji (daftarin aiki) na haƙƙin mallaka. A karshen wannan, kungiyar fasaha ta Beijing walƙiya ta ƙungiyar masu fasaha na MSPD da bugun jini guda na mai kare haɓaka yanzu (SPD) don ƙarin bincike. Bayan dubunnan lokutan gwajin abubuwa, gami da T1, T2 da T3 MSPD da SPD kuma an yi amfani da su wajen samar da bayanai dalla-dalla na mai kariya na ƙarfin ƙarfe na MOV, GDT, buɗewa, ƙananan karaya da kayan haɗin SCB, kamar keɓaɓɓun igiyoyi, tashar iska da sauransu, sun tara adadi mai yawa na bayanan gwaji, don rubuta karuwar bugun jini da ya karu MSPD daidaitaccen gwajin misali yana ba da mahimman bayanai don tallafawa.

Mai ba da kariya mai ƙarfi MSPD ma'aunin gwajin bugun jini mai yawa na rubutu, tare da yin magana game da taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan layin wutar lantarki (CIGRE) wanda aka buga a cikin 2013, aikace-aikacen injiniyar rahoton injiniya na sigogin walƙiya (Ingilishi), wannan labarin shine don babban taron grid na duniya wanda aka buga ƙarin fiye da shekaru 30 da suka gabata, sigogin walƙiya (Berger, k. Anderson RB da Kroninger h. 1975. Zaɓin zaɓen lantarki 41, shafi 23-37) wanda aka buga a 1980 da aikace-aikacen injiniya na sigogin walƙiya (Anderson RB da Eriksson AJ 1980. Electra No. 69, shafi na 65-102.) Bita. Wannan takarda a fili ta nuna a taƙaice: “fiye da kashi 80% na walƙiya ba su dace da ƙunshin biyu ko fiye da biyu ba. Wannan kaso ya fi na Andersonand Eriksson na baya (1980) girma, wanda ya dogara da bayanan kimantawa mara daidai na 55% .Kowane lokaci ana mayar da martani mai saurin tashi zuwa 3-5, kimanin 60 ms na tsaka-tsakin yanayi. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku zuwa rabi na walƙiya, a cikin kilometersan kilomita kaɗan banda wurare biyu ko fiye. Amma kowane walƙiya kawai rikodin matsayi, ƙarfin walƙiya ya auna nauyin gyaran ƙimar kusan 1.5 zuwa 1.7, wanda ya fi Anderson da Eriksson 1.1 (1980) ƙima. Amsawa a karo na farko mafi girman lokaci a halin yanzu ya fi na baya bayan dawowar ta yanzu ta 2 zuwa sau 3. Koyaya, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na walƙiyar ya ƙunshi aƙalla guda ɗaya bayan ya sami babban filin lantarki a bayan dawowa. A ka'ida, tsadarsa a yanzu shima ya fi na farko girma. Ya fi na farkon bugawa bayan dawowa zuwa layukan wutar lantarki kuma sauran tsarin sune ƙarin barazanar “.

A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 2008, Guangzhou filin gwajin gwaji mara kyau na walƙiya walƙiya ta walƙiya tana da sau takwas, Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Sin Qie xiushu ƙungiyar ta taƙaita gwaje-gwajen walƙiya da ke haifar da walƙiya a lardin Shandong daga 2005 zuwa 2010 baki ɗaya, a cikin lura Saukewar walƙiya 22, 95% na bugun jini, sau 17 na fitarwa fiye da 400 ms (millisecond), matsakaicin bugun lamba mai lamba 11.Yin aikin injiniya na sigogin lantarki akan lamarin fitowar walƙiya bugun jini ƙarin kwatankwacin bayani, ya ƙara tabbatar da cewa haɗuwa da bugun jini da yawa halaye ne na duniya: wato haɗuwa da bugun bugun jini da yawa yana da matsakaici biyu, matsakaicin lokacin bugun jini shine 60 ms, a ƙarshe bugun bugun jini tare da bugun jini kafin 400 ms. Abin mamaki, sanannen SPD, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don gwada fitowar ruwa ta yanzu 20 kA, wanda aka auna ta hanyar fashewar wuta ta yanzu 1.64 kA (bugun jini 8). Wannan gwajin, ba wai kawai an lura da bugun jini da yawa na fitowar walƙiya ba, amma kuma yana nuna binciken zai iya zama an yi amfani dashi a cikin fitowar walƙiyar bugun jini da yawa abu mai mahimmanci na MSPD da gaggawa.

Haɗuwa da ƙasashen duniya da na cikin gida don walƙiya abin birgewa na lura da bayanan gwaji, kwamitin edita ya karɓi 8 / 20μs (gami da bugun 10 S a matsayin haɗakar bugun jini na MSPD wanda ke tasiri a halin yanzu.

Dangane da sigogin zahiri na fitowar bugun jini ya fi yawa, bugun bugun jini da yawa, bugun farko da na karshe wanda ya fito daga darajar mara suna, matsakaiciyar bugun jini ya zama na 1/2 maras muhimmanci. Bugun farko na bugun jini tsakanin 9 zuwa 60 ms, kafin ƙarshe bugun bugun jini tare da bugun jini shine 400 ms.

Ya kamata share, wasu takamaiman bayanai, bugun jini guda ɗaya ba tare da na'urar kariya ta ajiyar ajiya ba (SPD) na iya kasancewa ta hanyar biyar tasirin tasirin bugun buguwa. Dangane da ƙa'idodin gwajin ƙasa, bayan na'urar kariya ta ajiyar ajiya da SPD jerin jerin bugun bugun jini mai yawa, ko kuma bai kamata a maye gurbin abubuwan haɗin mara jan ƙarfe ba na gwajin haƙuri na gajeren gajere, mai mahimmanci ba zai iya wuce gwajin ba. Gaskiyar da ta ba da gudummawa ga kwamitin zane don rubuta bugun jini da yawa MSPD gaggawa na daidaitaccen gwajin, saboda kawai rubutaccen aiki da wuri-wuri, ta hanyar daidaitaccen jagora, don binciken fasahar kare walƙiya da ma'aikatan ci gaba da masana'antun samar da kayayyaki suna bugun gaba da jagorancin MSPD, na iya inganta haɓakar walƙiya na haɓakar ƙirar fasahar samfura da ingantaccen ci gaban kariya ta walƙiya da rage bala'i.

Yang Yongming: matakan gwajin MSPD iri-iri da aka kafa a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata

2 PFG 2634 "haɗi zuwa tsarin samarda wutar lantarki mai ƙananan ƙarfin bugun jini mai ƙarfi ƙarin na'urar gwaji - buƙatun aiwatarwa da hanyoyin gwaji" wanda aka zartar bayan ƙungiyar cikin gida da ta ƙasa da ta dace don amsa daidaitawa cikin sauri.

Inungiya a cikin 2018, "al'umma ta fito da tsarin gabatarwa na shekara ta 2018 (na farko) na sanarwa" (kalmar jama'a [2018] a'a. 50), wanda Nanjing Kuanyong Electronics Co., Ltd. ya amince da shi, rubuce-rubuce game da babbar hanyar da ke ba da kariya ta tsarin walƙiya da ma'aunin fasaha “.

A shekara ta 2018, kai tsaye don gina wani aiki, ko kwamiti don rubuta “bugun ƙarfin mai rarraba wutar lantarki mai saurin ƙaruwa - buƙatun aiwatarwa da hanyoyin gwaji.

ILPS da aka gudanar a Shenzhen a shekarar 2018, taron tattaunawa karo na 4 kan kariyar walƙiya, shugaban Hukumar Lantarki ta Duniya IEC SC37A Alain Rousseau musamman ya ambata wannan mizanin, kuma a tsakiyar jawaban PPT da IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634 “ haɗi zuwa tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mara ƙarfi na na'urar bugun jini mai ɗagawa da ƙarin na'urar gwaji - buƙatun buƙata da hanyoyin gwaji na amfani da haɗin gwiwa, a karo na farko da Sinawa za su rubuta gidajenku dole ne ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya na IEC su yarda da su.

A cikin shekarar 2019, kungiyar kula da yanayin yanayi ta kasar Sin ta amince da aikin cibiyar binciken walƙiya ta Beijing don rubuta gwajin walƙiya ƙarin jagororin gaba ɗaya, tushe ne ga ci gaban fasahar fasahar bugun jini da yawa, mizanin da aka tsara a cikin bugun bugun jini, buƙatun igiyar ruwa, duk waɗannan suna dogara ne akan shekaru 30 na sigogin aikin injiniya na duniya na sigogin bincike, ƙididdigar shigar da ƙirar gaba ɗaya ta zama daidaitattun dakin gwaje-gwaje.

A watan Yulin 2019, Hukumar Lantarki ta Duniya (IEC) ta ba da IEC61400-24-2019 "kariyar walƙiya ta tsarin makamashin iska" na farko 8.5.5.12: juriya na SPD walƙiyar bugun jini ya fi damuwa. Saboda walƙiyar injin turɓin iska a ƙarƙashin babban mitar, kuma SPD a cikin injin turbin yana da matukar mahimmanci, don haka ya kamata ya iya tsayayya da walƙiyar SPD da yawa. (Bayanin kula: shanyewar jiki da yawa; Pulse da yawa; sara haske mai yawa. Ana iya fassara Multi-bugun jini zuwa bugun jini da yawa)

Solstice a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba 2019 a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba, ta cibiyar gwajin na'urar walƙiya ta Beijing, kariya ta walƙiya ta kwamitin ilimi na ƙungiyar gine-ginen ƙasar Sin ta jagoranci daidaitaccen rukuni na edita "bugun ƙarfin mai rarraba wutar lantarki mai saurin ƙaruwa - bukatun aiki da hanyoyin gwaji na taron ƙungiya aiki za a yi a Beijing. Dangane da tsarin gine-ginen gine-ginen kasar Sin na tsarin gine-ginen kasar Sin a cikin tsarin tsara shekara ta 2019 “, wanda ake bukata daga bangaren hada kayan aikin da aka kammala a karshen watan Yunin 2020.

Sun Yong: game da sifofin mahaɗa da yawa na sifar girgiza

Duk da tsarin gwajin SPD na duniya da na gida, tsarin amfani da 10/350 mai amfani don rarrabuwa na gwajin SPD na yanzu don T1, daidaitawa zuwa firgitar 10/350 na yanzu na SPD gabaɗaya buƙatar amfani da nau'in nau'in sauyawa, nau'in yanke-yanke sauya na'urar matsala ce mai wahalar gaske, kuma iyakance matsi akan lokacin amsawa wata matsala ce. A ƙasashen duniya, sigogin fasalin 10 / 350's da aka yi amfani da su don gwajin SPD a halin yanzu ya kasance mai rikici. Adadi mai yawa na bayanan da aka lura sun nuna cewa 10 / 350'ss da yanayin fitarwa na walƙiya na sigogi da yawa, 8 / 20s fiye da 10/350 μ sigogin sigogi yana kusa da yanayin walƙiyar fitowar bugun bugun jini, da kuma kwaikwayon na halitta Sigogin walƙiya na buguwa daga nesa gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu shine bin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Wannan shine allon zane tare da sigogin fasalin 8 / 20's azaman tasirin tasirin MSPD na yanzu, ɗayan dalilai.

Dangane da tsarin gwajin SPD na duniya da na cikin gida, auna ko za a iya rarraba SPD azaman T1 siga ba shine mafi mahimman bayanai na tasirin sigogi na yanzu ba, amma tasirin fitarwa na yanzu Iimp; Takamaiman cajin makamashi Q da W / R. Matsakaicin ƙasa GB50057-2010 ta lambar don ƙirar ginin walƙiya T1 shine 12.5 KA na ƙimar Q na 6.25 AS; W / R darajar 39 kj / Ω.

A karshen wannan, muna yin amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje 8/20 na 10 mu s bugun jini, matsin lamba mai iyakance nau'in gwajin MSPD da yawa.60 ka hauhawar halin yanzu na Q Q na 6.31 AS; W / R shine 52.90 kj / Ω. Bayanai sun nuna cewa nau'in MSPD na bugun jini da yawa yana amfani da na'urar iyakance matsin lamba gaba daya ta hanyar gwajin T1, an warware su da kyau ta amfani da na'urori masu sauya nau'ikan manyan matsaloli biyu. Wannan shine allon zane tare da sigogin fasalin zango na 8/20 kamar yadda MSPD yayi motsi na yanzu, wani dalili.

Yang Yongming: Fasahar fasahar MSPD da yawa ta China ta tayar da hankalin abokan hamayyar ƙasa da ƙasa

China da yawa bugun jini MSPD babban fasaha ta kamfanin Guangdong garkuwar bayan kusan shekaru goma na bincike da yawan gwaji sun samu, fiye da shekaru 2014 na T1, T2 da T3 bugun jini MSPD sun sami izinin ƙasa. Bangaren kasa da kasa, akwai Amurka, Jamus, Singapore, Bangladesh, Faransa da wasu kasashe masana harkar bada walƙiya don dubawa da tattaunawa., Shugaban IEC 2014 SC37A Alain Rousseau da kansa ya jagoranci masana Jamus guda biyu don yin garkuwa, ƙasa don aiwatar da aikin. guda bugun jini SPD da gwajin bugun jini na MSPD na bugun jini, 13 ga Oktoba, 2014, zama na 32 na taron ICLP a Shanghai, shugaban Alain ya yi taken "a kara gwajin bugun jini" don jawabin na SPD.

Sun Yong: Samfuran jerin MSPD a cikin buƙatar kasuwa

Bayan gwaji mai yawa, an kafa samfurin MSPD na kayan haɗin kayan aiki na musamman. Farawa a cikin 2019, ta amfani da garkuwar Guangdong mai fasahar bugawa MSPD patent technology na kayan MSPD jerin samfuran sun wuce cibiyar walƙiya ta Beijing IEC61643.11-2011 / 2 PFG 2634 "haɗi zuwa tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi na ƙarin bugun jini mai ƙarfi ƙarin na'urar gwaji - bukatun aiwatarwa da hanyoyin gwajin ganowa, shigo cikin kasuwa.

Shakka babu a cikin ma'aunin gwajin MSPD da yawa, a ƙarƙashin jagorar MSPD a China zai maye gurbin SPD na gargajiya a hankali, ya ba da sabis na fasaha mai inganci don kariya ta walƙiya da raguwar bala'i, don tabbatar da tsaron ginin tattalin arzikin China da na mutane rai da dukiya na taka rawa mai kyau. Za a iya yin hasashen cewa a cikin ƙasarmu, tsarin daidaita daidaito a fagen kare walƙiya, ƙwararrun masu ba da kariya ta walƙiya da masu bincike, gami da kimantawa, gwaji da haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan fasaha na haɗin gwiwa, a nan gaba, na'urorin kariya ta ƙaruwar China (SPDs) dalilin zai kasance har zuwa wani sabon matakin, kuma zai tafi kasashen waje, bautar duniya.

Devicesara na'urorin kariya (SPDs), wajibcin gwajin bugun jini da yawa ta takaddar TUV

A halin yanzu, fasahar dan adam har yanzu rashin cikakkiyar isasshen bayyananniyar kariya ta walƙiya da sanannen sananniya, babba a fagen dukkan abin da za a iya tsammani, ƙarami zuwa ƙaramin akwati, akwai buƙatun kariya ta walƙiya, hanyar kariya ta walƙiya kuma tana da yawa, irin a matsayin jagorar sandar walƙiya, tana amfani da janareta cajin guda, kuma a halin yanzu shine mafi amfani da kariyar tsaro (SPD), wani nau'i ne na nau'ikan kayan lantarki, kayan aiki, layukan sadarwa suna ba da kariya ta na'urar lantarki. Saboda walƙiya mai saurin hallakarwa, halin yanzu zai iya kaiwa dubunnan amps, sau da yawa yakan kawo mummunan lahani ga abubuwan lantarki. Sabili da haka, don inganta aminci da amincin tsarin kayan aiki, an yi amfani da kowane irin mai kariya (SPD). Hakikanin abin da ake buƙata na takaddun TUV mai ƙaruwa yana da girma sosai.

Hasken walƙiya yana haifar da ra'ayoyi iri-iri, a gefe guda, dangane da wasu sharuɗɗa da zato, wanda ke shafar ci gaban dabarun kariya ta walƙiya, don haka wanda ake amfani da shi yanzu a cikin mai kariya daga wuta (SPD), kamar samfuran kariya ta walƙiya an gina su a kan walƙiyar bugun jini guda ɗaya da aka sani, IEC (Hukumar Lantarki ta roteasa ta Duniya) za ta haɓaka mai kariya (SPD) gwajin gwajin aikin gwaji wanda aka bayyana azaman 8 / 20μs da 10 / 350'ss, da dai sauransu.

Matsayin gwajin SPD daga bugun jini ɗaya zuwa bugun jini da yawa

A halin yanzu, dakin gwaje-gwajen wutar lantarki mai yawan walƙiya a duniya bisa ga IEC 61643-2011 don SPD tare da gwajin gwagwarmaya guda ɗaya, yayin da tasirin igiyar igiyar ba ta dace da halaye na zahiri na walƙiyar halitta ba (90% fitowar walƙiyar halitta mara kyau ce) Bugawa, a lokaci guda jerin bugun bugun jini) .A bisa ga daidaitaccen gwajin samfurin samfuran da aka ƙayyade kan layi ya shiga cikin matsalolin wuta har yanzu akwai, don wutar lantarki, sadarwa, aminci ya kawo asara mai yawa, da dai sauransu. IEC na SPD yafi warware abubuwa daban-daban na abubuwan da ake bukata na hukumar tsara kayan SPD da kuma juriya mai tasiri guda daya, gajeren juriya na kewaye, karfin hazakar TOV a karkashin yanayin walƙiya da amincin walƙiya. Shin daidaitattun IEC ne don sabon yanayin sabon IEC na gaba game da ƙaddamarwa a cikin 2019, duk gine-ginen idan aka kwatanta da mafi girma na yanzu, zai dogara ne akan IEC 61643-1 ra'ayoyi na asali da buƙatu, zuwa 11 don hanyoyin gwajin SPD da buƙatu, - 21 don siginar hanyoyin gwajin SPD da buƙatu, - 31 don hanyoyin gwaji na SPD na hoto da buƙatu, - 41 don hanyoyin SPD na dc da buƙatu.

Don fitowar matsalar tasiri da aka maimaita koyaushe ya kasance muhimmin lamari a fagen binciken kare walƙiya a duniya. A kan wannan, Jamus Rheinland TUV ta tsara 2 PFG 2634 / 08.17 SPD ƙimar fasahar bugun jini da yawa. Daidaiton kan asalin gwajin farko na duniya yana kara yawan bugun jini, fasahar gwajin ta fi kusa da kwaikwayon yanayin halittar walƙiya, don saduwa da tsawa, tsawa ta tsawa tana ba da sabon dandamali don babban bincike, shine mai fa'ida ga ci gaban da aka yi niyya don daidaitawa da aikace-aikace daban-daban a fagen samfuran kariya ta walƙiya, don samar da layi ta hanyar gyaran tafiyar da ɗaruruwan miliyoyin SPD kawai keɓaɓɓen goyan bayan fasaha, zai kuma ƙaddamar da SPD R&D na duniya da haɓaka fasahar fasaha.

Saboda masana'antun SPD suka sabunta rashin fahimtar ƙa'idodin da suka dace, akwai wasu iyakance dangane da ƙirar samfur, yana haifar da masana'antun samar da SPD masu wahalar cimma nasarori cikin haɓaka samfuri da samarwa, suna gwagwarmaya cikin binciken kasuwar duniya.

Don inganta ci gaban juriya ga tasirin bugun jini na SPD da yawa, TUV Rheinland ikon haɗin gwiwar gidajan na cibiyoyin gwaji na SPD, haɗuwa da halayen kamfanonin cikin gida da na kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa don samar da hanzari da cikakkun hanyoyin warwarewa, taimaka wa masana'antun SPD cikin kasuwar duniya.

Takaddun shaida na SPD TUV Rheinland ya kasance sananne sosai a cikin duniya, ƙwararrun ƙwararru don ba da aminci da tabbaci mai kyau ga samfurin, da taimaka wa abokan ciniki don samun sabon ilimin fasaha da ƙarfin kasuwa. Bugu da ƙari, TUV Rheinland yana da cikakken tushen abokin ciniki, na iya taimaka wa masana'antun SPD faɗaɗa tashoshin abokan ciniki.

Sakamakon da bincike game da ƙarin na'urorin kariya (SPDs) ta gwaji 10 da bugun jini da yawa

1.Da'ida Karkashin Gwaji (DUT) da Waveform an saita su

1.1 DUT

1.2 Waveform

10 hanzarin kamannin gwaji, bugun jini 8 / 20μs = 2 sau tsakanin 8 bugun ƙarfin fadada, tazarar lokaci kamar haka: bugun farko tara - 60 ms bugun tazara, bugun ƙarshe - 400 ms bugun tazara. A cikin yin amfani da bugun jini 10 a lokaci guda, yawan ƙarfin sarrafawar aiki na 255V / 100A. An rubuta fasalin zamani kamar yadda aka tsara a masana'antar QX a China kuma ana tsara takaddun takaddun 2 PGF TUV Rheinland, a matsayin hanyar bincike ta watsa nau'ikan gwajin bugun jini da yawa akan aikin kariyar.

2.Rukuni A - DUT

Rukunin A - sakamakon gwaje-gwajen mahaukaciyar mahaifa daban-daban

Rukunin A - waɗannan saitin ƙirar samfuran kariya don bugun jini guda ɗaya A = 60 kA, amma a bugun jini 10, ƙarƙashin ƙarfin 30 da 60 kA, duka lalacewa yayin bugun bugun na bakwai, ƙarshe a kan wuta akan 255 V / 100. Daidaita amplitude na gwaji, wanda aka samu a 10 bugun faɗuwa na 40 zuwa 20 kA, babu lalacewa yayin aiwatar da tasiri, amma bayan firgita duk DUT ya saki saki; A 10 amplitude amplitude na 30 zuwa 15 kA, ta amfani da 2 DUT don gwadawa, kawai 1 DUT faɗakarwar saki, mai yiwuwa zaku iya hango amplitude bugun jini 10 shine iyakar haƙuri haƙuri ƙirar haƙuri.

3.Group B - sakamakon gwaje-gwajen mahaukaciyar mahaifa daban-daban

Rukunin B - waɗannan saitin ƙirar samfuran kariya don bugun jini guda ɗaya A = 60 kA, amma a bugun jini 10, a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin 30 da 60 kA, duka lalacewa yayin bugun buguwa na tara, ƙarshe a kan wuta akan 255 V / 100. Daidaita amplitude na gwajin, wanda aka samu a 10 bugun faɗuwa na 50 zuwa 25 kA, babu lalacewa yayin aiwatar da tasiri, amma bayan girgizar duk yanayin DUT na Yanayin Sama har zuwa digiri 90, yana nufin har zuwa mahimmancin sakin saki. A madaidaicin bugun jini 10 na 40 zuwa 20 kA, ta amfani da 2 DUT don gwadawa, har yanzu yana cikin yanayi mai kyau, bayan gwajin sanyaya fara ƙarfin lantarki ya kasance kwata-kwata al'ada ce, don haka ƙila zaku iya hango faɗuwar bugun bugun jini na 10 shine ƙarancin haƙuri mai haƙuri.

4.4 Takaita gwaji

(1) Dangane da ƙirar maɗaukakin bugun jini mai ƙarfi, In (8 / 20μs) amplitude ya kasa a 10 daidai ƙarfin bugun jini.

(2) Dangane da sakamakon gwaji, gwargwadon ƙarancin mai kariya na ƙarfin ƙarfin bugun jini guda ɗaya A cikin (8 / 20μs) ƙididdigar 0.5, ana iya samun nasara ta hanyar 10 daidai ƙarfin bugun jini.

(3) Farkon ƙarfin mai amfani da ƙarfin guntu ya fi girma, a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin kwararar guda, bisa ƙarancin bugun jini yana da ƙarfi mafi girma na bugun jini 10 na haƙuri

Wani patent don ƙirƙira - Multi-bugun jini yana ƙaruwa da na'urorin kariya (SPD)

Abstract
Theirƙirar ta bayyana wani nau'i na mai karuwar bugun jini da yawa, gami da kariya ta kariya, mai kare jiki na ciki waya reshe an bayyana aƙalla matakin tare da abubuwan kariya na kariya na bugun ƙarfin bugun jini na yanzu wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, a tsakanin su, kowane matakin da ya fi ƙarfin bugun ƙarfin halin yanzu iyakance kewayen kariya ya kunshi aƙalla varistor kuma abubuwan kariya na kariya suka samar da reshe mai jerin. Inirƙirar ta yanzu tana da gajeren zagaye na ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai saurin wucewa kai tsaye (baya buƙatar maye gurbin jan ƙarfe), kuzari da lokaci don aiki tare, iya fuskantar tsawan walƙiya, fa'idar tasirin bugun jini da yawa kuma zai iya wuce gwaji na biyu T2, ya dace don shigarwa a cikin gine-gine, don haka mafi ingancin kariya ga keɓaɓɓiyar wutar lantarki rarraba kewayen kayan lantarki da kayan lantarki.

description
Mahara-bugun jini karuwa majiɓinci
Filin fasaha

[0001] abin kirkirar ya shafi wani mai kariya ne, ya kasance don hana farfajiyar kayan aikin kare walƙiya, musamman tana nufin wani nau'in mai ƙaruwa da yawa. Bayanin fasaha

[0002] Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, ci gaba da ci gaba da fasahar lantarki, kowane irin samfuran lantarki da aka ci gaba suna haɓaka aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antar bayanai, sufuri, wutar lantarki, kuɗi, masana'antar sinadarai da sauran fannoni a cikin tsarin. Kuma tare da nau'ikan kayan aikin lantarki a cikin tsarin rarraba-low-voltage mai hankali mataki-mataki, sakamakon shine a zabi babban adadin darajar karfin matsin lamba, karfin hankali, babban hadewar kayan aikin lantarki. Lightarfin walƙiya ko yawan aiki, amma, sau da yawa yakan kawo mummunan lahani ga abubuwan haɗin lantarki, yana yin faɗi, zurfin da lalacewar yawan zafin rana suna ƙaruwa. Sabili da haka, don hana yawan walƙiya da yin aiki fiye da kima akan kayan lantarki da lantarki da haɓaka aminci da amincin tsarin kayan aiki, an yi amfani da kowane irin Kariyar Tsaro.

[0003] kasashen da ke samar da kariyar mai karuwa SH) ana gudanar da su ne daidai da tsarin binciken fasahar IEC / TC61643 da ingantaccen bincike da ci gaba da kuma samarwa ta hanyar matsin lamba na dakin gwajin walƙiya ta amfani da 10 / 350s ko 8/20 ors gwajin na bugun jini ɗaya gigicewa. A cikin IEC61643-1: 2011 da daidaituwar kasar Sin ta GB50057-2010 “lambar tsara zane-zane na ginin walƙiya, mai ba da kariya daga tsarin rarraba ƙananan lantarki ya kasu kashi uku cikin hanyoyin gwaji, kuma amfani da Τ1, T2 da T3, bi da bi.

[0004] na mai karuwar kariyar da ke yanzu za a iya raba shi zuwa sauya SPD gabaɗaya da iyakance SPD, sauya SPD zai iya tsayayya da walƙiya kai tsaye kan samuwar babban ƙarfin tasirin tasirin halin yanzu, amma akwai iyaka mai ƙarfi, lokaci mai tsayi, rafi SH) da sabon bincike kuma yana nuna cewa lokacin amsa yanayin canzawa yayi jinkiri sosai (nau'in matsa lamba wanda ke iyakance lokacin amsawa na SPD acuities yakai 20 ns, lokacin amsawa na mai canzawa irin SPD> 200 mu, matsakaici na ainihin walƙiya a yanzu bugun bugun jini <180 us, 119.6 us), gajeren jagora zuwa walƙiya a halin yanzu ba zai iya samun kyakkyawar tasirin hanawa ba, yana iya lalacewa ta hanyar nau'in walƙiya irin 2 SPD da kayan aiki kuma matakan SPDs na matakin farko ba ya aiki. Kodayake SPD na iyakance lokaci mai saurin amsawa, iyakantaccen ƙarfin lantarki, amma yana iya ɗaukar iyakantaccen tasiri a halin yanzu, kuma yana buƙatar kariyar kansa ta kariya ba kawai ta hanyar babban bugun jini ba har ila yau a cikin ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin halin yanzu ta hanyar sauri , da kuma karye lokaci kasa da dakika 5.

[0005] A halin yanzu babu wata fasahar fasaha ta duniya don warware waɗannan matsalolin fasaha, sabili da haka a cikin IEC 61643-1: 2011 a cikin ƙa'idar 8.3.5.3 ta farko ya kamata ta bi hanyoyin da suka dace (kwatankwacin) maimakon jan ƙarfe. Amma amfani da jan ƙarfe maimakon sauyawa SPD ko iyakancewar ƙarfin SPD ba ya dacewa da ainihin yanayin SPD gajarta, lamarin fashewar wuta galibi yana faruwa a ainihin aiki. An girka a cikin ginin, a gefe guda, matakin na biyu na SPD yana buƙatar gwaji na biyu daidai da tanadin GB50057-2010, T2, tare da zango na 8/20. Domin samun damar cin nasarar gwajin na biyu, yawanci 2 SH) ana amfani da na'urar da ke iyakance matsin lamba, nau'in iyakance matsakaitan SPD (T2) yana da ikon kwararar ruwa mai girma na 8 / 20μs na yanzu, amma ta hanyar 10 / 350μs ƙarfin yanzu 1/20 ne kawai na ƙimar darajar sa. Kuma bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙasa na yanzu, ƙasashen duniya a cikin gajeren gwaji na yanzu yana buƙatar ɗaukar matakan da suka dace (wanda aka kwaikwaya) maimakon mahimmin ɓangaren tagulla. Ba wai kawai wannan ba, ƙarin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya da aikin kariya ta walƙiya ya nuna cewa tsawa tare da kwaya ɗaya tak ta gwajin SPD hanyoyin SPD da gaskiyar ainihin bugun wutar walƙiya a lokacin bugun jini da yawa, ta hanyar matsin lamba na dakin walƙiya zuwa gwajin SPD guda ɗaya a cikin haƙurin haƙori da ƙimar ƙaƙƙarfan lokacin da walƙiya ta buge shi, galibi yakan haifar da ɓarkewar wutar SPD, haɗarin wuta. Tushen gwajin walƙiya na Guangzhou a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 2008, gwajin haƙuri na SPD, ba shakka: rashin daidaituwa mara kyau ba LEMP ɗaya tana da sau takwas baya, matsakaicin halin yanzu 26.4 kA, halin yanzu yana gudana ta cikin SPD shine mafi girman darajar zuwa 1.64 kA , lalacewar SPD na yanzu 20 kA. [Shaodong Chen, Shaojie Yang a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 2011 a Brazil, kamar taron kasa da kasa karo na 14 kan takarda mai dauke da hasken lantarki: Wanda aka samu daga Tattaunawa ya Bada Sabon Ra'ayi game da Illolin Yanzu kan Na'urorin Kariya da Tsawa]. keta gajeren hanyar yanzu, kuzari da lokaci don aiki tare, na iya tsayayya da bugun jini ya fi SPD uku matsala ta fasaha ta ƙasa da ƙasa cikin ci gaba da samarwa.

[0006] A sakamakon haka, ci gaban da zai iya jure wa tasirin tasirin tasirin walƙiya a zahiri, amma kuma yana da madaidaiciyar lalacewar madaidaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki a halin yanzu (ba sa buƙatar sauya sandar ƙarfe), da kuzari da lokaci don yin aiki tare da sakandare gwada SPD (T2), wanda ba kawai buƙata ta gaggawa a fagen kare walƙiya a cikin gida da waje ba, kuma ya zama tsalle mai cike da tarihi na fasahar kare walƙiya.

Kirkirar abun ciki

[0007] Dalilin wannan kirkirar shine don shawo kan gazawa da nakasuwar fasahohin da ake da su, samar da kariyar bugun jini da yawa, mai kare hawan yana da saurin karya karfin wutan lantarki na yanzu (ba sa bukatar mai jan karfe), kuzari da lokaci don aiki tare, iya tsayayya da ainihin walƙiya, fa'idar tasirin bugun jini da yawa kuma zai iya wuce gwajin T2 na sakandare, amfani da wanda aka sanya a cikin gine-gine, don haka ƙarin kariya mai tasiri na kewayon ƙarancin wutar lantarki mai rarraba wutar lantarki da kayan lantarki.

[0008] domin cimma burin da aka kawo a sama, ƙirƙirar yanzu bisa ga tsarin fasaha mai zuwa:

[0009] wani mai karuwar tashin hankali, mai bugun jini mai bugun jini mai yawa, ya hada da reshe mai layin waya na ciki an bayyana a kalla matakin tare da bangarorin kariya na kariya na karfin bugun karfin buguwa mai karfin gaske wanda ke takaita kewayen kariya, a tsakanin su, kowane matakin da ya fi karfin bugun karfin bugawa a halin yanzu da'ira ta ƙunshi aƙalla varistor kuma abubuwan kariya na kariya suna yin jerin reshe.

[0010] an kara bayyana reshe mai kare jiki na reshen waya na ciki tare da yawan bugun jini da yawa halin matsin lamba wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, kowane mataki na bugun jini mai yawa wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya ya kunshi akalla daya varistor da fis don samar da jerin bugun jini na bugun jini, daya daga farkon jerin reshe varistor dc voltage na Utl, na biyu a saman jerin reshe na varistor dc voltage na Utl + Λ Un, η na 1 zuwa 9.

[0011] wanda aka kara bayyana a cikin mai kare jiki shima yana da hasken kewaya hasken wuta, mai nuna alamar lahani yana kewaye da haske da reshen jerin juriya na yau da kullun, layin reshen jerin a matakin farko na matsi mai karfin gaske wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya tsakanin varistor da fis bugun jini

[0012] wanda aka bayyana a jikin mai kare jiki shima yana da makunshin sadarwa na nesa.

[0013] wanda aka kara bayyana shi a cikin mai kariya na reshen layin linzamin samaniya wanda aka kafa kuma yana da yawan buguwa mai karfin gaske wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, yawan bugun bugun karfin tasiri na yanzu da yake iyakance kewaya yana dauke da akalla varistor da kuma abubuwan kariya masu kariya jerin reshe. [0014] mai karuwar tashin hankali, bugun jini da yawa ya hada da mai kare lafiyar uwa, an bayyana yanayin mai kare jiki yana da zagaye uku-uku, da'irar da aka bayyana a kowane bangare na reshen wuta an kafa aƙalla matakin tare da abubuwan kariya na kariya na bugun jini mai ƙarfi wanda ke iyakance kariya da'ira, a tsakanin su, kowane matakin da ya fi karfin bugun jini wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya ya kunshi akalla varistor kuma abubuwan kariya masu kariya suna samar da reshe mai jerin.

[0015] wanda aka kara bayyana a kowane bangare na reshen wayayyen waya da aka kafa fiye da bugun jini da yawa a halin yanzu matsi mai takaita kewayen kariya, kowane mataki na bugun jini mai yawa wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya ya kunshi akalla daya varistor da fis don samar da jerin bugun jini reshe, ɗayan jerin jerin reshe na farko varistor dc voltage na Utl, mataki na biyu a sama reshen reshe na varistor dc voltage na Utl + Λ Un, η na 1 zuwa 9.

[0016] wanda aka kara bayyana a cikin mai kare jiki shima yana da yanayin hasken haske, mai nuna alama mara kyau yana hade da haske da jerin juriya na yau da kullun, jerin reshe mai jituwa da kowane matakin farko na matsewar iska mai karfin gaske da ke iyakance kewayen kariya tsakanin varistor da fis na bugun jini.

[0017] wanda aka bayyana a jikin mai kare jiki shima yana da makunshin sadarwa na nesa.

[0018] wanda aka kara bayyana shi a cikin mai kariya na reshen layin layin samaniya wanda aka kafa kuma yana da yawan buguwa mai karfin gaske wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, yawan bugun bugun karfin tasiri na yanzu yana iyakance kewayen kariya ya kunshi akalla varistor da abubuwan kariya kariya jerin reshe.

[0019] aikin kirkirar idan aka kwatanta shi da fasahar data kasance, illolin ta kamar haka:

[0020] 1. kirkirar tana matukar inganta karfin kariyar walƙiya, yana da gajeren madaidaicin ƙarfin mitar kai tsaye yana karyewa (baya buƙatar ƙarfin maye gurbin ƙarfe) iyawa, warware ajiyar SPD (T2) lokacin da gajeren kewaya ya keta kanta, ya inganta sosai tsaron SPD (T2); Yana da kuzari da lokaci mai kyau don aiki tare, duk suna ɗaukar tsayayyar matsin lamba kamar ainihin ɓangaren SPD (T2), yana warware matasan SPD ba sa haɗin kai a kan kuzari da lokaci; Tare da bugun jini da yawa ƙarƙashin tasirin ikon walƙiya, an warware shi tare da gwajin bugun jini guda ɗaya SPD ba zai iya ɗaukar gaskiyar matsalar bugun jini da yawa ba.

[0021] 2. abubuwan da aka kirkira yanzu sun dace da shigarwa a cikin gine-gine, saboda haka mafi ingancin kariya daga kewayawar wutar lantarki mai rarraba wutan lantarki da kayan lantarki, musamman mahimmmanci ga babban sakaci na kariyar wuce gona da iri na kayan lantarki, tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin kayan lantarki.

[0022] 3. Yawan amfani da abin da ake kirkira a yanzu, zai rage tsawa da bala'in walkiya da ke faruwa; A lokaci guda, ƙirƙirawar yanzu ƙirar tsari mai sauƙi da ma'ana, tsaka mai tsada, aiki da kiyaye shi ya dace, yana da fa'idodi masu kyau na tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a.

[0023] domin samun cikakkiyar fahimta game da abubuwan da aka kirkira a yanzu, wadannan masu zuwa zasu hada zane-zanen da aka zana a cikin wannan takarda, hanyar aiwatar da takamaiman abin da aka kirkira yanzu.

[0024] Hoto na 1 shine misalin aiwatar da kirkirar kirkirar 1 yana da bugun bugun jini na farko daya gudana a cikin matsi mai tasiri na zagaye guda yana iyakance tsarin kewaya kariya ta zagaye.

[0025] adadi na 2 shine ƙirƙirar yanzu tana da a cikin aiwatar da zagaye na zamani sau misali 1 matakin 3 bugun jini mai yawa bugun bugun jini na yau da kullun yana iyakance tsarin kewaya kariya ta zagaye.

[0026] adadi na 3 shine misalin aiwatar da kirkirar kere kere guda 2 zane-zane mai tsari uku na da'irar.

[0027] adadi na 4 shine ƙirar kirkirar amfani da yanayin tsarin haɗin kewaya.
Kankare hanyar aiwatarwa
Case 1

[0028] Misali na aiwatarwa 1

[0029] kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 1, abubuwan kirkirar da aka gabatar yanzu sun bayyana karuwar bugun jini da yawa, ya hada da mai kare lafiyar uwa, mai kare wuta a cikin reshe da yawa yana bugawa matsi mai karfin gaske wanda yake iyakance kewayen kariya, yawan bugun jini da yake tasiri a halin yanzu kariya ta kariya ta ƙunshi aƙalla mai rarrabe ɗaya TMOVl kuma ta haɗa reshen jerin nau'ikan Mbl, matsin lamba mai saurin buguwa na ƙarfin dc mai aiki na% .Bayan haka, wanda aka bayyana a cikin mai kare jiki kuma yana da alamar nuna haske mara kyau da kuma kwandon sadarwa mai nisa, kuskuren siginar kewaya haske ya hada da haske D da kuma reshen rukunin R na yau da kullun, mahadar reshen jerin a matakin farko wanda ya hauhawar matsin lamba mai karfin gaske wanda ke iyakance zagayen kariya na varistor TMOVl da bugun bugun jini tsakanin Mbl. An bayyana a cikin mai kare yanayin ilimin rashin daidaito na reshen layin sifiri kuma an saita yadda matsin lamba mai karfin gaske wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, karfin bugun jini mai karfin gaske wanda ke iyakance kariyar kewaya shima ya hada da akalla wani mai bambancin ra'ayi da kuma abubuwan kariya masu kariya suna kirkirar reshe mai jerin.

[0030] kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2, kayan kirkirar da aka bayyana mai kare jiki na wuta a cikin reshe yana da matakin 3 na bugun jini na yanzu wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, kowane mataki na yawan bugun jini na yau da kullun yana iyakance kewayen kariya ya kunshi akalla daya varistor da fis don kafa reshen jerin bugun jini, daya daga cikin jerin jerin reshe na farko varistor dc voltage na Utl, reshe na biyu na varistor dc voltage na Utl + Λ U1, reshe na uku na varistor dc voltage zuwa Ud + AUy sauran yanayin tsarin kuma iri daya ne kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 1.

[0031] sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa kirkirar da aka samu ta babban karfin kwarara kuma tana da karamin karfin bugun karfin bugun jini da karfin karfin fuse (MB) da karfe zinc oxide varistor (MOV), daidai da keɓaɓɓiyar fasahar sarrafa sigina ( fasaha mai lura da yanayin sarrafawa shine nunawa a cikin samfuran iri ɗaya, ta amfani da sigar mahimman ra'ayi fiye da ɗaya shine mafi girman abubuwan haɗin haɗin kai da kuma kula da sigogin kayan aiki daban-daban, tare don cimma ɗaya ko fiye sigogin zane) jerin fasahar fasa kwalliya fasaha tana nufin ƙungiyar SPD kowane reshe na na'urar kariya ta madadin na kewayawa a cikin gajeren hanya, ƙarfin ƙarfin zai iya ci gaba da keta mataki zuwa mataki bisa ga buƙatun ƙira, sa SPD kashe kewayen samar da wutar lantarki, don inganta tsaro na yi amfani da SPD, yi fis ɗin lokacin gajeren ƙarfin mitar bugun jini da sauri cire haɗi yi ƙananan layin rarraba wutan lantarki ba matsala cted ta SPD aikin kariya na gajeren gajere, ya farfaɗo a cikin ƙarfin wuta lokacin da gwajin gajeren gajere ba ya buƙatar yanki na jan ƙarfe maimakon madafan ƙarfin ƙarfin MOV kai tsaye yana keta gajeren kewaye; Amincewa da kyakkyawar amsawa duk amfani da zafin MOV kuma ana aiwatar dashi daidai da ƙwarewar sarrafa iko na fasaha na fasaha mara dacewa-har ma (fasaha mara dacewa-har ma tana nufin yawan adadin reshe na kewayen SPD mara kyau ko ma lamba, ana buƙatar a rarraba fasahar daidaita siga), ya shawo kan SPD (T2) mai sauyawa da matsi mai iyakance tsarin hada na'urar, kuzarinta da lokacinta don yin aiki tare ba zai iya haduwa da matsalar hana walƙiya ba, aiwatar da makamashi da lokaci don aiki tare; Ptedaramar matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan ma'auni na sikelin rarraba daidaitattun sifofi na daidaitaccen fasaha, yi SPD lokacin da walƙiya, kowane reshe na MOV zai iya daidaita ta hanyar walƙiya a halin yanzu, don fahimtar gaskiyar walƙiyar SPD tana ƙarƙashin ikon tasiri mai yawa.

Shari'a ta 2 [0032] [0033] kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 3, abubuwan kirkirar da aka gabatar a yanzu sun bayyana karuwar bugun jini da yawa, gami da kare lafiyar uwa, ya bayyana yanayin mai kare jiki yana da zagaye uku-uku, wayar kowane reshe da aka kafa sama da sau uku bugun bugun bugun jini na yanzu yana iyakance kewayen kariya, kowane mataki na bugun jini mai yawa wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya ya kunshi akalla daya varistor da fis don samarda reshen jerin bugun jini, daya daga cikin jerin jerin reshe na farko varistor dc voltage for Utl, matsin lamba mai karfin reshe na biyu reshe na dc mai aiki da wutar lantarki U0 + Δ U1, kashi na uku jerin reshe matsin lamba mai juriya na dc mai aiki da wutar lantarki U0 + Δ U2.Wani yanayin tsari da misalin aiwatarwa guda 1 iri ɗaya.

[0034] kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 4, lokacin amfani, kawai sanya maɗaukakin bugun jini da yawa fiye da matakin farko na bugun jini na bugun jini mai matukar rauni wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya a wajan shigar da aka haɗa da wayar lantarki na kewaya mai saurin rarraba wuta; Matsayi na farko ya fi ƙarfin bugun jini na yanzu wanda ke iyakance ikon kewaya fitowar ƙarfin fitarwa da ƙananan rarrabuwa na layin ƙasa na waya ta ƙasa, na iya kammala shigarwa na mai tsaro da karuwa, mai sauƙi, mai sauƙi da tsaro.

[0035], abubuwan kirkirar yanzu ba'a iyakance ga hanyar aiwatarwa ta sama na ƙirƙirar idan wasu canje-canje ko bambance-bambancen ba (kamar bayyanar fasalin kan akwatin ko nau'in samfurin; Ta hanyar zirga-zirga A girman girman nau'i guda ɗaya ko samar da matakai guda uku yanayin kariya) ba daga ruhi da girman abin da aka kirkira ba, idan wadancan canje-canje da bambancin sun fadi a tsakanin karfin da'awar kirkirar da take da ita da kuma fasahar da tayi daidai da ita, aikin kirkirar da yake da shi ya hada da wadannan canje-canje da siffofin.

Da'awa (10)

1. Mai ba da kariya mai ƙarfi, bugun jini da yawa ya haɗa da mai ba da kariya ga ilimin ɗan adam, wanda halinsa shine: mai kare jiki na reshen waya na ciki an bayyana shi aƙalla matakin tare da abubuwan kariya na kariya na bugun ƙarfin bugun jini mai karfin gaske wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, daga cikinsu, kowane matakin ya fi ƙarfin bugawar yanzu Yankin kariya na matse matsakaici ya ƙunshi aƙalla varistor kuma abubuwan kariya masu kariya suna ƙirƙirar reshe mai jerin.
2. Dangane da iƙirarin 1 mai kariyar bugun jini da yawa, wanda halinsa shine: mai kare jiki mai layin waya an bayyana shi tare da yawan bugun jini da yawa wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, kowane mataki na yawan bugun bugun jini na yau da kullun yana iyakance kewayen kariya ya ƙunshi aƙalla varistor daya kuma fuse don samar da reshen bugun bugun jini, daya daga cikin jerin rassa na farko na dc mai aiki da wutar lantarki don Utl, mataki na biyu sama da reshen jerin varistor na dc mai aiki da wutar lantarki U0 + Λ Un, η don 1 zuwa 9.
3. Dangane da iƙirarin 2 mai karuwar bugun jini da yawa, wanda halayensa shine: mai kare jiki kuma ya bayyana kewayewar nuna alama, kuskuren hasken haske mai zagayawa ya haɗa da haske da reshe na juriya na yau da kullun, haɗin reshe na jerin a matakin farko ya bugi matsin lamba mai ƙarfi na yanzu yanayin kariya tsakanin bambance-bambance da bugun fuse.
4. Dangane da iƙirarin 1 mai karuwar bugun jini da yawa, wanda halayensa shine: mai kare jiki kuma an bayyana shi da bututun sadarwa na nesa.
5. Dangane da iƙirarin 1 mai kariyar bugun jini da yawa, wanda halin sa shine: reshen layin layi na mai kare lafiyar uwa kuma an saita shi aƙalla fiye da ƙananan bugun jini na yau da kullun wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, a tsakanin su, kowane matakin ya fi ƙarfin bugun ƙarfin buguwa na yanzu kewaya kariya yana da aƙalla varistor kuma abubuwan kariya na kariya suna yin jerin reshe.
6. Mai kariyar tashin hankali, bugun jini da yawa ya hada da mai karewa na ilimin halittar jiki, wanda aka bayyana saitin mai kare jiki yana da matakai uku-uku, wanda halayensu shine: kowane bangare na da'irar da aka bayyana a reshen waya ya kafa a kalla matakin tare da abubuwan kariya na kariya na pulsed high current buga matsa lamba da ke iyakance kewayen kariya, daga cikinsu, kowane matakin da ya fi karfin bugun karfin buguwa wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya ya kunshi akalla varistor kuma abubuwan kariya na kariya suka samar da reshe mai jerin.
7. Dangane da iƙirarin 6 mai kariyar bugun jini da yawa, wanda halinsa shine: kowane yanki na da'irar da aka bayyana a reshen waya ya saita fiye da bugun jini mai yawa wanda ke iyakance kariyar kariya, kowane matakin bugun bugun jini na yau da kullun yana iyakance kewayen kariya ya ƙunshi aƙalla varaya daga cikin varistor da fis don ƙirƙirar reshen jerin bugun jini, ɗayan rukunin farko jerin varistor na dc mai aiki da wutar lantarki don Utl, mataki na biyu sama da jerin reshe na varcor na dc mai aiki da wutar lantarki U0 + Λ Un, η don 1 zuwa 9.
8. Dangane da da'awar 7 mai karfin bugun jini mai yawa, wanda halin sa shine: mai kare jiki kuma ya bayyana yanayin hasken haske mai nuna alama, layin haske mai nuna kuskure ya hada da haske da reshen jerin juriya na yau da kullun, rukunin reshe mai hade da kowane matakin farko na bugun jini babban matsin lamba na yanzu yana iyakance kewayen kariya tsakanin varistor da fis na bugun jini.
9. Dangane da iƙirarin 6 mai karuwar bugun jini da yawa, wanda halayensa shine: mai kare jiki kuma an bayyana shi da bututun sadarwa na nesa.

Fiye da 10. Dangane da da'awar mai bugun bugun jini na bugun jini 6, wanda halin sa shine: reshen layin sifiri na mai kula da ilimin likitanci kuma an saita shi aƙalla fiye da ƙananan bugun jini na yau da kullun wanda ke iyakance kewayen kariya, a tsakanin su, kowane matakin yafi ƙarfin halin yanzu bugun jini da ke iyakance kewayen kariya ya kunshi aƙalla varistor kuma abubuwan kariya masu kariya suna yin reshe mai jerin.