Bayanin Kariyar Kariyar Kariya (AC da DC POWER, DATALINE, COAXIAL, GAS TUBES)

Na'urar Kariyar Karuwa (ko ƙara ƙarfi mai juyawa ko mai jujjuyawar juzu'i) kayan aiki ne ko kayan aikin da aka tsara don kare na'urorin lantarki daga saurin wutan lantarki. Wani mai kariya daga wuta yayi kokarin iyakance wutar lantarki da aka kawo wa na'urar lantarki ta hanyar toshewa ko taqaitawa zuwa dogaro da duk wata hawan da ba'a so a saman wata hanyar aminci. Wannan labarin da farko yayi magana ne kan bayanai dalla-dalla da abubuwanda suka dace da nau'in mai tsaron lafiyar da ke karkatar da (gajeren wando) karuwar wutar lantarki zuwa kasa; duk da haka, akwai wasu ɗaukar hoto na wasu hanyoyin.

Aarfin wuta tare da mai tsaro mai ƙarfi da kuma kantuna da yawa
Ana amfani da kalmomin kariyar tashin hankali (SPD) da danniya mai saurin wucewa (TVSS) don bayyana na'urorin lantarki galibi an girka su a bangarorin rarraba wutan lantarki, tsarin sarrafa tsari, tsarin sadarwa, da sauran tsarin masana'antu masu nauyi, don kariya daga hawan wutar lantarki da kaɗawa, gami da waɗanda walƙiya ta haifar. Versionsananan sifofin waɗannan na'urori a wasu lokuta ana girka su a cikin bangarorin shigar sabis na wuraren zama, don kare kayan aiki a cikin gida daga irin haɗarin.

Bayanin Na'urar Kariyar AC

Bayani na Overarshen Gaggawa

Masu amfani da kayan lantarki da tarho da tsarin sarrafa bayanai dole ne su fuskanci matsalar kiyaye wannan kayan aiki duk da yawan wuce gona da iri da ake samu ta hanyar walƙiya. Akwai dalilai da yawa na wannan gaskiyar (1) babban matakin hadewar kayan aikin lantarki yana sanya kayan aiki cikin sauki, (2) katsewar aikin ba abar karba bane (3) cibiyoyin sadarwar watsa bayanai suna rufe manyan wurare kuma suna fuskantar karin damuwa.

Volarfafawa na lokaci-lokaci suna da manyan dalilai guda uku:

  • walƙiya
  • Masana'antu da sauya sheka
  • Zuciyar lantarki (ESD)Bayanin ACI

walƙiya

Hasken walƙiya, wanda aka bincika tun binciken farko na Benjamin Franklin a cikin 1749, ya zama abin banƙyama ya zama babbar barazanar ga al'ummarmu ta lantarki.

Tsarin walƙiya

Ana yin walƙiya a tsakanin bangarori biyu na akasin caji, yawanci tsakanin gajimaren hadari biyu ko tsakanin gajimare ɗaya da ƙasa.

Hasken walƙiya na iya yin mil mil da yawa, yana ci gaba zuwa ƙasa a tsalle a jere: shugaban yana ƙirƙirar tashar da ke cike da izini. Lokacin da ya isa ƙasa, hakikanin walƙiya ko bugun dawowa yana faruwa. Halin yanzu a cikin dubun dubatar Amperes zaiyi tafiya daga ƙasa zuwa gajimare ko akasin haka ta tashar da ake amfani da shi.

Hasken walƙiya kai tsaye

A lokacin sallamar, akwai wani hanzari mai gudana wanda ya kasance daga 1,000 zuwa 200,000 na tsawan Amperes, tare da tasowar lokacin kusan microan microseconds. Wannan tasirin kai tsaye karamin abu ne wanda yake lalata tsarin lantarki da lantarki saboda yana da yanki sosai.
Mafi kyawun kariya har yanzu sandar tsawa ce ta walƙiya ko Tsarin Kariyar walƙiya (LPS), an tsara shi don ɗaukar fitowar mai gudana da gudanar da shi zuwa wani wuri.

Harkokin da ke ciki

Akwai nau'ikan tasirin walƙiya kai tsaye guda uku:

Tasiri akan layin sama

Irin wayannan layukan suna bayyane sosai kuma ana iya yin su kai tsaye ta hanyar walƙiya, wanda zai fara sashi ɗaya ko kuma ya lalata igiyoyin, sannan kuma ya haifar da ƙananan tashin hankali wanda ke tafiya ta ɗabi'a tare da masu jagora zuwa kayan haɗin layi. Girman lalacewar ya dogara da tazara tsakanin yajin aiki da kayan aiki.

Tashin karfin ƙasa

Gudun walƙiya a cikin ƙasa yana haifar da haɓakar ƙasa wanda ya bambanta gwargwadon ƙarfin yanzu da ƙarancin ƙasa. A cikin shigarwar da za a iya haɗa ta da filaye da yawa (misali hanyar haɗi tsakanin gine-gine), yajin aiki zai haifar da babban bambanci mai yuwuwa kuma kayan aikin da aka haɗa da hanyoyin sadarwar da abin ya shafa za a lalata su ko kuma a lalata su sosai.

Wutar lantarki

Ana iya ɗaukar filashin a matsayin eriya mai nisan mil mil da yawa wanda ke ɗauke da hanzari na hanzari da yawa na kilo-amperes, suna haskaka filayen lantarki masu ƙarfi (da yawa kV / m sama da 1km). Waɗannan filayen suna haifar da ƙarfi da raƙuman ruwa a layuka kusa ko akan kayan aiki. Valuesimar ta dogara da nisa daga walƙiya da kaddarorin haɗin mahaɗin.

Haɓakar Masana'antu
Haɓakar masana'antu ta rufe wani abin da ya faru ta hanyar kunnawa ko kashe tushen wutar lantarki.
Masanan masana'antu suna haifar da:

  • Fara Motors ko gidajen wuta
  • Neon da sodium masu farawa
  • Sauya sheka hanyoyin sadarwa na wuta
  • Canja “billa” a cikin hanyar kewayewa
  • Aiki na fius da masu yanke hanya
  • Faduwar layukan wutar lantarki
  • Lambobi marasa kyau ko tsaka-tsalle

Wadannan al'amuran suna haifar da wucin gadi na kV da yawa tare da tashe-tashen hankula na umarnin microsecond, kayan aiki masu hargitsi a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar da aka hada tushen matsalar.

Rostarfin wutar lantarki

Wutar lantarki, dan adam yana da karfin aiki daga 100 zuwa 300 picofarads kuma zai iya karbar cajin kusan 15kV ta hanyar tafiya akan kafet, sannan ya taba wani abu na gudanarwa kuma a sallameshi a cikin wasu 'yan microseconds, tare da na kusan Amperes goma . Duk hadaddun da'irori (CMOS, da sauransu) suna da saukin kamuwa da irin wannan hargitsi, wanda galibi ana cire shi ta hanyar kariya da ƙasa.

Illolin Gyara abubuwa

Volarfafawa yana da nau'ikan sakamako da yawa akan kayan lantarki don rage ƙima:

Halaka:

  • Rushewar wutar lantarki na mahaɗan semiconductor
  • Rushewar haɗin abubuwa
  • Halakar waƙoƙin PCB ko lambobin sadarwa
  • Rushewar gwaji / abubuwan mulkin ku ta dV / dt.

Tsoma baki tare da ayyukan:

  • Random aiki na latches, thyristors, da triacs
  • Sharewa daga ƙwaƙwalwa
  • Kuskuren shirin ko hadari
  • Bayanai da kuskuren watsawa

Tsufa da wuri

Abubuwan da aka fallasa su a cikin juzu'i suna da rayuwa mafi kankanta.

Na'urar Kariya

Na'urar Kariyar Karuwa (SPD) ingantacciyar hanyar magancewa ce don magance matsalar wuce gona da iri. Don sakamako mafi girma, kodayake, dole ne a zaɓi shi bisa haɗarin aikace-aikacen kuma sanya shi bisa ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin fasaha.

Bayanin Kariyar Kariyar DC Power

Ginshikai da La'akari da Kariya

Kayan aiki-Interactive ko Grid-Tie Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Tsarin suna da matukar buƙata da tsada mai tsada. Sau da yawa suna buƙatar Solar PV System don aiki tsawon shekaru da yawa kafin ya samar da dawowar da ake buƙata akan saka hannun jari.
Yawancin masana'antun zasu tabbatar da tsarin rayuwa sama da shekaru 20 yayin da galibi ana tabbatar da inverter shekara 5-10 kawai. Ana lissafin duk farashin da dawowa kan saka hannun jari bisa la'akari da waɗannan lokutan lokaci. Koyaya, yawancin tsarin PV basa balaga saboda yanayin fallasa na waɗannan aikace-aikacen da haɗuwa da shi zuwa layin wutar mai amfani da AC. Rigunan PV masu amfani da hasken rana, tare da ƙirar ƙarfe da aka ɗora a buɗe ko a saman rufin, suna aiki ne a matsayin sandar walƙiya mai kyau. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da kyau a saka hannun jari a cikin Na'urar Kariyar Kariya ko SPD don kawar da waɗannan barazanar da ke faruwa don haka kara girman tsarin rayuwa. Kudin don cikakken tsarin kariyar karuwa bai kai 1% na yawan kudin tsarin ba. Tabbatar da amfani da abubuwanda suke UL1449 na Buga na 4 kuma sune nau'ikan 1ungiyoyin Nau'in 1 (XNUMXCA) don tabbatar da cewa tsarin ku yana da mafi kyawun kariyar karuwar da ake samu a kasuwa.

Don bincika cikakken matakin barazanar shigarwa, dole ne muyi binciken haɗari.

  • Hadarin Aiki na Aiki - Yankunan da ke da tsawar walƙiya da ƙarfi mai amfani ya zama mafi rauni.
  • Hadarin Haɗuwa da Thearfin - Thearfin yanayin hasken rana na PV da ke sama, ƙararrawa ga kai tsaye da / ko haifar da hauhawar walƙiya.
  • Hadarin Yankin Yankin Aikace-aikacen - Grid mai amfani da AC wataƙila shine tushen sauya masu wucewa da / ko haɓakar walƙiya.
  • Hadarin Yanki - Sakamakon tsarin lokaci bai tsaya kawai ga sauya kayan aiki ba. Lossesarin asara na iya haifar da ɓacewar umarni, marasa aikin yi, ƙarin aiki bayan lokaci, rashin gamsuwa da abokin ciniki / gudanarwa, saurin cajin jigilar kayayyaki da saurin jigilar kaya.

Ba da shawarar Ayyuka

1) Tsarin Duniya

Masu ba da kariya daga Surge suna yin jinkiri ga tsarin ƙasa. Pathananan hanyar ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, a daidai wannan damar, yana da mahimmanci ga masu kiyaye tashin hankali suyi aiki daidai. Dukkanin tsarin wutar lantarki, layukan sadarwa, kayan karafa na kasa da mara tushe suna bukatar hada karfi da karfe don tsarin kariya ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

2) Haɗin Karkashin Kasa daga Tsarin PV na waje zuwa Kayan Gudanar da Kayan Wutar Lantarki

Idan za ta yiwu, haɗin da ke tsakanin Solar PV Array na waje da kayan aikin sarrafa wutar cikin gida ya zama a karkashin ƙasa ko kariya ta lantarki don iyakance haɗarin harbawar walƙiya kai tsaye da / ko haɗawa.

3) Tsarin Kariya mai hadewa

Duk ikon da ke akwai da hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa ya kamata a magance su tare da kariyar tashin hankali don kawar da yanayin tsarin PV. Wannan zai hada da wutar lantarki mai amfani ta AC, Input AC input, shigar Inverter DC, PV stringer mai hade da sauran bayanan data / sigina kamar Gigabit Ethernet, RS-485, 4-20mA na yanzu madauki, PT-100, RTD, da kuma modem na waya.

Bayanin Kariyar Kariyar Layin Layi na Bayanan Bayanai

Bayanin Layin bayanai

Sadarwa da na'urorin watsa bayanai (PBX, modems, tashoshin data, firikwensin kwamfuta, da sauransu…) sun kara zama masu saurin fuskantar karuwar wutar lantarki. Sun zama masu ƙwarewa, masu rikitarwa kuma suna da ƙarancin haɗari ga haɓakar haɓaka saboda yiwuwar haɗarsu a kan hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban. Waɗannan na'urori suna da mahimmanci ga kamfanonin sadarwa da sarrafa bayanai. Don haka, yana da hankali a sanya musu kan wadannan abubuwan da ke iya haifar da tsada da hargitsi. Mai kare kariyar layin bayanai wanda aka sanya a cikin layi, kai tsaye gaban wani kayan aiki mai mahimmanci zai kara rayuwarsu mai amfani da kuma ci gaba da kwararar bayanan ka.

Fasaha na Kariya Karuwa

Duk wayoyin LSP da masu kariyar layin bayanai suna dogara ne akan madaidaiciyar hanyar haɗin keɓaɓɓu wanda ya haɗu da nauyin aikin Gas Gas Tubes (GDTs) da saurin amsa Silicon Avalanche Diodes (SADs). Irin wannan kewaya yana bayarwa,

  • 5kA Sanarwar Nunin Yanzu (sau 15 ba tare da hallaka ta IEC 61643)
  • Kasa da sau 1 na amsa nanosecond
  • Kasa cire hadadden tsarin
  • Designaramar ƙarancin ƙarfi yana rage raunin sigina

Sigogi don Zaɓin Mai Tsaro

Don zaɓar madaidaiciyar mai ƙaruwa don shigarku, ku sa waɗannan a zuciyarku:

  • Maras nauyi da Matsakaicin Lantarki
  • Matsakaicin Layi na Yanzu
  • Yawan Lines
  • Gudun Bayar da Bayanai
  • Nau'in Mai Haɗa (Dunƙule Terminal, RJ, ATT110, QC66)
  • Hawa (Din Rail, Dutsen Dutsen)

Installation

Don yin tasiri, dole ne a shigar da kariyar kariya daidai da waɗannan ƙa'idodin.

Dole ne a haɗa tushen ƙasa na mai ƙaruwa da kayan aiki da aka kiyaye.
An shigar da kariyar a ƙofar sabis na shigarwa don juya saurin halin yanzu da wuri-wuri.
Dole ne a shigar da kariyar tashin hankali a cikin kusanci, ƙasa da ƙafa 90 ko mita 30) zuwa kayan aiki masu kariya. Idan ba za a iya bin wannan ƙa'idar ba, dole ne a sanya masu kariya daga tashin hankali kusa da kayan aikin.
Mai gudanar da ƙasa (tsakanin fitowar ƙasa na mai karewa da kuma haɗawar haɗin kewayawa) dole ne ya zama gajarta yadda ya yiwu (ƙasa da ƙafa 1.5 ko mita 0.50) kuma suna da yanki na ƙetaren aƙalla muƙalla 2.5 mm.
Dole ne juriya ta duniya ta bi lambar lantarki ta gida. Babu keɓaɓɓen ƙasa da ya zama dole.
Dole ne a kiyaye igiyoyi masu kariya da kariya ba tare da iyakancewa haɗuwa ba.

MAGANAR

Matakan Gwaji da shawarwarin shigarwa don masu haɓaka layin sadarwa dole ne su bi ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:

UL497B: Masu kariya don Sadarwar Bayanai da Da'irar Aararrawar Wuta
IEC 61643-21: Gwajin Kariyar Kariya don Layin Sadarwa
IEC 61643-22; Zaɓi / Shigar da Masu Tsaro don Layukan Sadarwa
NF EN 61643-21: Gwajin Kariyar Kariya don Layukan Sadarwa
Jagora UTE C15-443: Zaɓi / Shigar da Masu Tsaro

Yanayi Na Musamman: Tsarin Kariyar walƙiya

Idan tsarin da za'a kare yana da kayan aiki tare da LPS (Tsarin Kariya akan Walƙiya), masu ba da kariya ga telecom ko layin bayanan da aka girka a ƙofar sabis ɗin gine-ginen suna buƙatar gwadawa zuwa madaidaiciyar hanyar walƙiya 10 / 350us tare da mafi ƙarancin tashin hankali na 2.5kA (D1 gwajin nau'in IEC-61643-21).

Bayanin Kariyar Kariya na Coaxial

Kariya Don Kayan Sadarwa na Rediyo

Kayan aikin sadarwar rediyo da aka tura cikin tsayayyun, nomadic ko aikace-aikacen tafi-da-gidanka na da matukar fuskantar barazanar walƙiya saboda aikace-aikacen su a wuraren da aka bayyana. Rikicin da ya fi faruwa ga ci gaba da sabis ya samo asali ne daga hauhawar wucin gadi da ta samo asali daga bugun wuta kai tsaye zuwa sandar eriya, tsarin ƙasa da ke kewaye ko haifar da haɗi tsakanin waɗannan yankuna biyu.
Kayan aikin rediyo da aka yi amfani da su a tashoshin CDMA, GSM / UMTS, WiMAX ko TETRA, dole ne suyi la'akari da wannan haɗarin don tabbatar da sabis mara yankewa. LSP tana ba da takamaiman fasahar kariya ta ƙaruwa don layin sadarwar Rediyo Frequency (RF) waɗanda suka dace da ɗayansu don buƙatun aiki daban daban na kowane tsarin.

Fasaha ta Kariyar Rage Rage
Gas Tube DC Pass Kariya
P8AX jerin

Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) DC Pass Kariya shine kawai kariyar kariyar da za'a iya amfani dashi akan watsawa mai saurin gaske (har zuwa 6 GHz) saboda karancin karfinsa. A cikin GDT mai haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka, GDT an haɗa ta a layi ɗaya tsakanin mai gudanarwa ta tsakiya da garkuwar waje. Na'urar tana aiki lokacin da wutar lantarkin ta ta kai, yayin wani yanayi na wuce gona da iri kuma layin ya gajarta (arc voltage) kuma an karkatar dashi daga kayan aiki masu mahimmanci. Voltagearfin wutar lantarkin ya dogara da haɓakar gaban overvoltage. Mafi girman dV / dt na overvoltage, hakan ya fi ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai saurin tashin hankali. Lokacin da yawan zafin rai ya ɓace, bututun iskar gas ɗin zai dawo zuwa aikinsa na yau da kullun, yanayin inshora sosai kuma a shirye yake ya sake aiki.
Ana gudanar da GDT a cikin mariƙin da aka tsara na musamman wanda ke haɓaka haɓaka yayin manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa da sauri kuma har yanzu yana da sauƙin cirewa idan ana buƙatar kiyayewa saboda ƙarshen yanayin rayuwa. Za'a iya amfani da Jerin P8AX akan layukan coaxial da ke tafiyar da wutar DC har zuwa - / + 48V DC.

Kariyar Matattara
DC Pass - CXF60 jerin
An katange DC - Jerin CNP-DCB

Hybrid DC Pass Kariya ƙungiya ce ta abubuwan gyara da kuma bututun iskar gas mai nauyi (GDT). Wannan ƙirar tana ba da kyakkyawan ƙarancin saura wanda aka bari ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki don rikicewar rikicewar mitar saboda ƙarancin wutar lantarki kuma har yanzu yana samar da babban ƙarfin fitarwa na yanzu.

Kariyar Keɓaɓɓen Wave DC
PRC jerin

Kariyar Keɓaɓɓen Wave DC shine matattarar ƙungiya mai izinin wucewa. Ba shi da abubuwan aiki. Maimakon haka jiki da madaidaicin katako an saurare su zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na tsayin igiyar ruwa da ake so. Wannan yana ba takamaiman takamaiman mitar band damar wucewa ta cikin naúrar. Tunda walƙiya tana aiki ne kawai a ƙaramin bakan, daga fewan ɗari kHz zuwa Man MHz, shi da duk sauran mitar ana gajarta su zuwa ƙasa. Za'a iya zaɓar fasahar PRC don kunkuntar ƙungiya ko faɗi mai faɗi dangane da aikace-aikacen. Iyakar iyakancewa ga haɓakar haɓaka ita ce nau'in haɗin mai haɗin. Galibi, Mai haɗa Din din 7/16 zai iya ɗaukar 100kA 8 / 20us yayin da mai haɗa nau'in N zai iya ɗaukar zuwa 50kA 8 / 20us.

Haɗin Haɗakarwa da Kariya

MAGANAR

UL497E - Masu karewa don Masu Gudanar da Antenna

Sigogi don Zaɓin Mai Coara Maɗaukakiyar Maɗaukaki

Bayanin da ake buƙata don zaɓar maɗaukaki mai kariya don aikace-aikacen ku shine waɗannan masu zuwa:

  • Frequency Range
  • Lantarki mai layi
  • Connector Type
  • Nau'in Jinsi
  • hawa
  • Technology

shigarwa

Shigowar da ta dace na mai karuwar tashin hankali ya dogara ne da alakanta da tsarin saukar kasa mara karfi. Dole ne a kiyaye ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:

  • Tsarin Ginginging Equipotential: Duk masu haɗin haɗin haɗin shigarwa dole ne su haɗa juna da juna kuma a haɗa su da tsarin ƙasa.
  • Conarancin Haɗin Haɗin Haɗi: Mai haɓaka ƙarfin haɓaka yana buƙatar samun haɗin juriya mara ƙarfi zuwa Tsarin ƙasa.

Bayanin Gas

Kariya ga Matakan Kwamitin Kwamitin PC

Kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun masu amfani da microprocessor sun kara zama cikin sauki ga karuwar wutar lantarki da walwala da sauyawar lantarki saboda sun zama masu matukar damuwa, da rikitarwa don kariya saboda yawan guntu da suke da shi, ayyukan dabarun binary da kuma cudanya tsakanin cibiyoyin sadarwa daban daban. Waɗannan na'urori suna da mahimmanci ga sadarwa da sarrafa bayanai na kamfani kuma galibi suna iya yin tasiri a layin ƙasa; saboda haka yana da hankali don tabbatar da su a kan waɗannan abubuwan da ke iya haifar da tsada da hargitsi. Ana iya amfani da Rigar Fitar Gas ko GDT azaman wani yanki mai zaman kansa ko haɗe shi da wasu abubuwan haɗin don yin zagaye na kariya ta multistage - bututun iskar gas yana aiki azaman babban ƙarfin sarrafa makamashi. GDT's yawanci ana tura su cikin kariya don sadarwa da layin bayanai na aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki DC saboda ƙarancin ƙarfinsa. Koyaya, suna ba da fa'idodi masu kayatarwa sosai akan layin wutar AC ciki harda babu ƙuƙumin ruwa a yanzu, kula da makamashi mai kyau da kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa.

GAS FASADA TUBE FASAHA

Ana iya ɗaukar bututun iskar gas a matsayin wani nau'in sauyawa mai saurin gaske wanda yake da kyawawan halaye wanda ke canzawa cikin sauri, lokacin da lalacewa ta auku, daga zagaye-zagaye zuwa gajeren gajere (ƙarfin baka kusan 20V). Akwai kwatankwacin yankuna huɗu masu aiki a cikin halayyar bututun iskar gas:
gdt_label

GDT ana iya ɗauka azaman mai saurin aiki mai saurin aiwatar da kaddarorin da ke canzawa cikin hanzari lokacin da ɓarkewa ta faru kuma ya canza daga hanyar-buɗewa zuwa gajeren gajere. Sakamakon shine ƙarfin ƙarfin baka na kimanin 20V DC. Akwai matakai hudu na aiki kafin bututun ya sauya.

  • Yankin da ba mai aiki ba: An haɓaka shi ta kusan ƙarfin juriya mara iyaka.
  • Haskaka yanki: A lokacin lalacewa, halayen ya haɓaka ba zato ba tsammani. Idan mai amfani da iskar gas din ya tsiyaye yanzu bai kai kimanin 0.5A ba (ƙimar da ta banbanta da abin da yake ƙunshe), ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin tashoshin zai kasance a cikin zangon 80-100V.
  • Tsarin Arc: Yayin da halin yanzu ke ƙaruwa, bututun iskar gas yana canzawa daga ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙarfin ƙarfin baka (20V). Wannan yankin ne cewa bututun iskar gas ya fi tasiri saboda fitowar ta yanzu zata iya kaiwa amperes dubu da yawa ba tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin baka a ƙasan tashoshin ba.
  • Arewa: A ƙarfin wulaƙanci wanda ya yi daidai da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki, bututun iskar gas ya rufe kaddarorinta na insulating na farko.

gdt_saura3-Tsara wutar lantarki

Kare layin waya biyu (alal misali mai wayan tarho) tare da bututu mai fitar da iskar gas na 2-electrode na iya haifar da matsala mai zuwa:
Idan layin da aka kiyaye ya zama mai jujjuya yanayin yanayin yau da kullun, watsuwa da juzu'in juzu'in (+/- 20%), daya daga cikin bututun iskar gas yana tartsatsin wuta a cikin dan kankanin lokaci kafin dayan (galibi 'yan microseconds), da Saboda haka wayar da ke da walƙiya a kan haka take (sakaci da ƙirar arc), yana mai jujjuya yanayin yanayin-yanayi zuwa yanayin bambancin yanayin zafi. Wannan yana da haɗari sosai ga kayan aikin kariya. Haɗarin zai shuɗe lokacin da bututun iskar gas na biyu ya rufe (a microan microseconds daga baya).
Hanyoyin lantarki 3-electrode suna kawar da wannan matsala. Tashin hankalin daya daga cikin sandar yana haifar da tarwatsewar na'urar gaba daya nan da nan ('yan nanoseconds) saboda akwai gida mai cike da iskar gas guda daya da ke dauke da dukkanin wayoyin da abin ya shafa.

Ƙarshen Life

An tsara tubes masu fitar da iskar gas don tsayayya da motsawa da yawa ba tare da lalatawa ko asarar halaye na farko ba (gwajin hankulan hankula sau 10 ne x 5kA motsawa ga kowane polarity).

A gefe guda, tsayayyen halin yanzu, watau 10A rms na dakika 15, tare da kwaikwayon faduwa daga layin wutar AC akan layin sadarwa kuma zai ɗauki GDT kai tsaye daga aiki.

Idan ana son ƙarshen rayuwa mai rauni, watau gajeren layi wanda zai ba da rahoto game da lahani ga mai amfani na ƙarshe lokacin da aka gano layin layin, yakamata a zaɓi bututun iskar gas tare da fasalin rashin aminci (gajeren gajeren waje) .

Zabi bututun Fitar Gas

  • Bayanin da ake buƙata don zaɓar maɗaukaki mai kariya don aikace-aikacen ku shine waɗannan masu zuwa:
    DC yana haskakawa akan wutar lantarki (Volts)
  • Sparkarfin motsawa akan ƙarfin lantarki (Volts)
  • Fitar da halin yanzu (kA)
  • Juriya mai rufi (Gohms)
  • Acarfin aiki (pF)
  • Hawan dutse (Dutsen Dutsen, Daidaitaccen jagoranci, Jagoran Al'adu, Mai Kama)
  • Marufi (Tef & Reel, Ammo pack)

Kewayon DC ya haskaka akan ƙarfin lantarki da yake akwai:

  • Mafi qarancin 75V
  • Matsakaicin 230V
  • Babban awon karfin wuta 500V
  • Babban Ragewa mai ƙarfi 1000 zuwa 3000V

* Haƙuri akan rashin ƙarfin lantarki gabaɗaya +/- 20%

gdt_chart
Discharge yanzu

Wannan ya dogara da kayyakin gas, ƙarar da kayan wutan lantarki tare da maganin sa. Wannan shine babban halayen GDT kuma shine wanda ya banbanta shi da sauran na'uran kariya, watau Varistors, Zener Diodes, da dai sauransu typical valueanin daidai shine 5 zuwa 20kA tare da motsawar 8 / 20us don daidaitattun abubuwan. Wannan shine ƙimar bututun iskar gas na iya tsayayya akai-akai (mafi ƙarancin motsi 10) ba tare da lalatawa ko sauyawar ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba.

Ularfafa arkarfin Wuta

Hasken wutar lantarki a gaban gaban dutse mai tsayi (dV / dt = 1kV / us); motsawar hankali akan wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar dV / dt.

Resarfafawa da Haɓakawa

Wadannan halaye suna sanya bututun iskar gas kusan a bayyane yayin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Resistancearfin rufin yana da ƙarfi sosai (> 10 Gohm) yayin da ƙarfin yake da ƙasa ƙwarai (<1 pF).

MAGANAR

Matakan Gwaji da shawarwarin shigarwa don masu kariya daga layin sadarwa dole ne su bi ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:

  • UL497B: Masu kariya don Sadarwar Bayanai da Da'irar Aararrawar Wuta

shigarwa

Don yin tasiri, dole ne a shigar da kariyar kariya daidai da waɗannan ƙa'idodin.

  • Dole ne a haɗa tushen ƙasa na mai ƙaruwa da kayan aiki da aka kiyaye.
  • An shigar da kariyar a ƙofar sabis na shigarwa don juya saurin halin yanzu da wuri-wuri.
  • Dole ne a shigar da kariyar tashin hankali a cikin kusanci, ƙasa da ƙafa 90 ko mita 30) zuwa kayan aiki masu kariya. Idan ba za a iya bin wannan ƙa'idar ba, dole ne a sanya masu kariya daga tashin hankali kusa da kayan aikin
  • Mai gudanar da ƙasa (tsakanin fitowar ƙasa na mai karewa da kewayewar haɗuwa) dole ne ya zama gajarta yadda ya yiwu (ƙasa da ƙafa 1.5 ko mita 0.50) kuma suna da yanki na ƙetaren aƙalla murabba'in mm 2.5.
  • Dole ne juriya ta duniya ta bi lambar lantarki ta gida. Babu keɓaɓɓen ƙasa da ya zama dole.
  • Dole ne a kiyaye igiyoyi masu kariya da kariya ba tare da iyakancewa haɗuwa ba.

Maintenance

LSP bututun iskar gas yana buƙatar kulawa ko sauyawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada. An tsara su don yin tsayayya da maimaitawa, ƙarfin hawan igiyar ruwa mai nauyi ba tare da lalacewa ba.
Koyaya, yana da hankali don shirya don mafi munin yanayi kuma, saboda wannan dalili; LSP ta tsara don sauya abubuwan haɗin kariya inda ake amfani dasu. Ana iya gwada matsayin mai kariyar kariyar layin bayananku tare da samfurin LSP SPT1003. An tsara wannan rukunin don gwaji don walƙiyar DC akan ƙarfin lantarki, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasawa da ci gaba da layi (na zaɓi) na mai ƙaruwa da ƙarfi. SPT1003 ƙarami ne, naúrar maballin turawa tare da nuni na dijital. Yanayin ƙarfin mai gwaji shine 0 zuwa 999 volts. Zai iya gwada abubuwan ɗaiɗaikun mutane kamar GDT's, diodes, MOVs ko keɓaɓɓun na'urorin da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen AC ko DC.

SHARUDDAN NA MUSAMMAN: SIFFOFIN KARFE WUTA

Idan tsarin da za'a kare yana dauke da LPS (Tsarin Kariyar Walƙiya), masu kariyar kariyar waya, layukan bayanai ko layin wutar AC da aka girka a ƙofar sabis ɗin gine-ginen suna buƙatar gwadawa zuwa hanzarin walƙiya 10 / 350us tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin halin yanzu na 2.5kA (D1 nau'in gwajin IEC-61643-21).