Kyakkyawan aiki don amfani da na'urorin kariya na Surge (SPDs) da RCD tare
Na'urorin kariya daga wuta (SPDs) da RCDs
Inda tsarin rarraba wuta ya hada RCDs aiki maras lokaci zai iya haifar da RCDs suyi aiki don haka rasa wadata. Ya kamata a shigar da na'urorin kariya (SPDs) a duk inda zai yiwu sama da RCD don hana yin tuntuɓar da ba'a so ba sakamakon lalacewar wucin gadi.
Inda aka shigar da na'urorin kariya masu ƙarfi bisa BS 7671 534.2.1 kuma suna kan gefen kayan aikin saura na yanzu, RCD yana da rigakafi don ƙaruwa na aƙalla 3 kA 8/20, za a yi amfani da shi.
MUHIMMAN BAYANI S rubuta RCDs gamsar da wannan buƙatar. Dangane da haɓakar igiyar ruwa sama da 3 kA 8/20, RCD na iya tafiya yana haifar da katsewar samar da wutar.
Idan an shigar da SPD zuwa ƙasa ta RCD, RCD yakamata ya zama na lokaci mai jinkiri tare da rigakafin ƙarfin raƙuman ruwa aƙalla 3kA 8/20. Sashe na 534.2.2 na BS 7671 yayi bayani dalla-dalla kan abubuwan da ake bukata na SPD (dangane da yanayin kariya na SPD) a asalin shigarwar (galibi nau'ikan 1 SPD).
Idan baku saba da aiki da nau'ikan na'urorin kariya ba, ku karanta da farko abubuwan yau da kullun na na'urorin kariya.
Nau'in haɗin SPD na 1 (CT1)
Tsarin SPD dangane da nau'in haɗin 1 (CT1) don TN-CS ko TN-S tsarin ƙasa kazalika da tsarin TT na ƙasa inda aka sanya SPD a ƙasan RCD.
Hoto 1 - devicesara na'urorin kariya (SPDs) waɗanda aka girka a gefen lodi na RCD
Gabaɗaya, tsarin TT yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman saboda yawanci suna da abubuwan ƙarancin ƙasa waɗanda ke rage igiyoyin lalacewar ƙasa kuma suna ƙaruwa lokacin yankewar Na'urorin kariya masu wuce gona da iri - OCPDs.
Sabili da haka don biyan buƙatun don lokutan cire haɗin aminci, ana amfani da RCDs don kariya daga kuskuren ƙasa.
Nau'in haɗin SPD na 2 (CT2)
Ana buƙatar daidaiton SPD dangane da nau'in haɗin 2 (CT2) akan a TT tsarin ƙasa idan SPD yana sama da RCD. RCD kasancewar yana ƙasa da SPD bazaiyi aiki ba idan SPD ta zama tawaya.
Hoto 2 - devicesara na'urorin kariya (SPDs) waɗanda aka girka a gefen RCD
Tsarin SPD a nan an saita shi kamar yadda ake amfani da SPDs tsakanin masu gudanar da rayuwa (rayuwa zuwa tsaka tsaki) maimakon tsakanin masu gudanar da rayuwa da mai ba da kariya.
Idan SPD ta zama tawaya to, don haka, ƙirƙirar ɗan gajeren zagaye na yanzu maimakon matsalar lahani na ƙasa kuma saboda haka zai tabbatar da cewa na'urorin kariya masu wuce gona da iri (OCPDs) cikin layi tare da SPD suna aiki cikin aminci lokacin buƙatar cirewa.
Ana amfani da SPD mafi ƙarfi tsakanin tsaka tsaki da madugu mai kariya. Ana buƙatar wannan ƙarfin SPD mafi girma (yawanci raƙataccen sifa don Nau'in 1 SPD) kamar yadda igiyoyin walƙiya suka tashi zuwa ga mai gudanar da kariya kuma saboda haka wannan ƙarfin ƙarfin SPD yana ganin har sau 4 na haɓakar SPD ɗin da aka haɗa tsakanin masu jagoran rayuwa.
Sashi na 534.2.3.4.3, don haka, yana ba da shawara cewa SPD tsakanin tsaka tsaki da mai ba da kariya ana ƙimanta shi sau 4 girman SPD tsakanin masu jagoran rayuwa.
Saboda haka, kawai idan ba za a iya lissafin Iimp na yanzu ba, 534.2.3.4.3 ya ba da shawara cewa mafi ƙarancin darajar Iimp don SPD tsakanin tsaka tsaki da mai ba da kariya shine 50kA 10/350 don shigarwar CT3 sau 2, sau 4 12.5kA 10/350 na SPD tsakanin masu jagoran rayuwa.
Tsarin CT2 SPD sau da yawa ana kiransa tsarin '3 + 1' don samarwa na zamani.
SPDs da daidaitawar duniya TN-CS
Mafi ƙarancin bukatun haɗin haɗin SPD a ko kusa da asalin shigarwa don tsarin TN-CS yana buƙatar ƙarin bayani kamar yadda Sashe na 534 na BS 7671 ya nuna (duba Hoto na 3 a ƙasa) ana buƙatar nau'in 1 SPD tsakanin masu rai da masu jagorar PE - iri ɗaya kamar yadda ake buƙata don tsarin TN-S.
Hoto 3 - Shigar da Nau'in 1, 2 da 3 SPDs, misali a cikin tsarin TN-CS
Ajalin 'a ko kusa da asalin shigarwar' yana haifar da shubuha saboda gaskiyar cewa kalmar 'kusa' ba a bayyana ta ba. Daga ra'ayi na fasaha, idan ana amfani da SPDs a cikin nisan 0.5m na PEN don raba N da PE, babu buƙatar samun yanayin kariya na SPD tsakanin N da PE kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi.
Idan BS 7671 zai ba da izinin yin amfani da SPDs zuwa gefen TN-C (gefen mai amfani) na tsarin TN-CS (wanda aka lura a wasu ɓangarorin Turai), to zai iya yiwuwa a girka SPD a cikin 0.5m na raba PEN N da PE kuma sun bar N zuwa PE SPD yanayin kariya.
Koyaya kamar yadda za'a iya amfani da SPDs kawai gefen TN-S (mabukaci) na tsarin TN-CS, kuma an ba da SPDs galibi ana girka su a babban kwamitin rarrabawa, tazarar da ke tsakanin wurin shigar SPD da raba PEN kusan koyaushe za a kasance mafi girma fiye da 0.5 m, don haka akwai buƙatar samun SPD tsakanin N da PE kamar yadda ake buƙata don tsarin TN-S.
Kamar yadda aka sanya takamaiman nau'ikan 1 SPDs don hana haɗarin asarar rayukan ɗan adam (zuwa BS EN62305) ta hanyar hadari mai haɗari wanda zai iya kawo haɗarin gobara misali, don maslaha ga tsaro shi kaɗai, hukuncin injiniyanci shine cewa ya kamata a sanya SPD tsakanin N da PE don tsarin TN-CS kamar yadda yake a tsarin TN-S.
A takaice, har zuwa Sashe na 534, Ana kula da tsarin TN-CS kamar tsarin TN-S don zaɓi da shigarwa na SPDs.
Abubuwan yau da kullun na na'urorin kariya
Na'urar Kariyar Karuwa (SPDs) wani ɓangare ne na tsarin kariyar shigarwa na lantarki. An haɗa wannan na'urar da wutar lantarki a layi daya tare da lodi (da'irori) cewa an tsara shi don kare (duba hoto na 4). Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi a duk matakan cibiyar sadarwar wutar lantarki.
Wannan shine mafi yawan amfani dashi kuma mafi yawan amfani da nau'in overvoltage kariya.
Ka'idar Aikin Kariya
An tsara SPDs don iyakance juzu'in wucewa saboda walƙiya ko sauyawa da kuma karkatar da igiyar ruwan da ke hade zuwa duniya, don takaita wadannan jujjuyawar zuwa matakan da da wuya su lalata shigarwar lantarki ko kayan aiki.
Ire-iren na'urorin kariya daga tashin hankali
Akwai nau'ikan SPD guda uku bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya:
Rubuta 1 SPD
Kariya daga wuce gona da iri saboda saurin walƙiya. Nau'in 1 SPD ana ba da shawarar don kare shigarwar lantarki daga raƙuman ruwan walƙiya wanda sanadin bugun wutar lantarki kai tsaye ya haifar. Yana iya fitar da wutar lantarki daga walƙiya da ke yaduwa daga mai ba da gudummawar ƙasa zuwa masu ba da hanyar sadarwa.
Nau'in 1 SPD yana da halin a 10 / 350's halin yanzu.
Hoto 5 - Nau'i uku na SPD bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya
Rubuta 2 SPD
Kariya daga wuce gona da iri saboda sauyawa da bugun kai tsaye kai tsaye. Nau'in 2 SPD shine babban tsarin kariya don duk shigarwar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. An girka a kowane juzu'in lantarki, yana hana yaduwar juzu'i a cikin shigarwar lantarki da kare lodi.
Nau'in 2 SPD yana da halin 8 / 20's halin yanzu.
Rubuta 3 SPD
Nau'in 3 SPD ana amfani dashi don kariya ta gida don ɗorawa masu nauyi. Wadannan SPDs suna da ƙarancin fitarwa. Don haka dole ne a girka su kawai azaman kari ga Nau'in 2 SPD da kuma kusancin ɗoki masu nauyi. Ana samesu ko'ina azaman na'urori masu wayoyi masu wahala (waɗanda ake haɗuwa akai-akai tare da Nau'in 2 SPDs don amfani a tsayayyun shigarwa).
Koyaya, an kuma haɗa su a cikin:
- Geara wuraren soket ɗin kariya
- Geararren kariyar soket din ƙara ƙarfi
- Telecoms da Bayanin bayanai
