Kariyar kariri don motsi na lantarki & EV Caja & motar lantarki

Motsi na lantarki: Amintaccen amintar da kayan aikin caji

Tare da karuwar yaduwar motocin lantarki, da kuma sabuwar fasahar "saurin caji", bukatar samar da ingantaccen abu mai cike da caji shima yana karuwa. Dukkanin na'urorin caji da kuma motocin da aka haɗa kansu da kansu suna buƙatar kariya daga jujjuyawar abubuwa, tunda duka suna da kayan haɗin lantarki masu mahimmanci.

Kare kayan aiki sakamakon tasirin walƙiya da kuma karyewar wuta a gefen hanyar sadarwa ya zama dole. Rushewar kai tsaye ta hanyar walƙiya tana ɓarna da wuyar karewa, amma haɗarin gaske ga na'urorin lantarki na kowane nau'i ya fito ne daga sakamakon haɓakar wutar lantarki. Kari kan haka, duk ayyukan sauya layin wutar lantarki da ke hade da layin, su ne tushen hatsarin lantarki a cikin motocin lantarki da tashoshin caji. Hakanan ana iya kidaya gajerun hanyoyin da laifofin duniya daga cikin hanyoyin da za'a iya lalata wannan kayan aikin.

Don kasancewa cikin shiri game da waɗannan haɗarin lantarki, ya zama tilas a ɗauki matakan kariya masu dacewa. Kula da saka hannun jari mai tsada yana da mahimmanci, kuma daidaitattun ƙa'idodin lantarki suna tsara hanyoyin da suka dace da hanyoyin kiyayewa. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a yi la'akari da su, saboda ba za a iya magance hanyoyin haɗari daban-daban tare da mafita ɗaya don komai ba. Wannan takarda tana matsayin taimako don gano yanayin haɗari da hanyoyin haɗin kariya masu alaƙa, duka a gefen AC da DC.

Kimanta yanayin yadda ya kamata

Abubuwan da suka haifar, misali, ta hanyar walƙiya kai tsaye ko kai tsaye kai tsaye a cikin hanyar sadarwar ta yanzu (AC) dole ne a rage ta har zuwa shigar da babban mai rarraba kayan aikin caji na EV. Don haka ana ba da shawarar a girka Na'urorin Kariya na Kariya (SPDs) waɗanda ke gudanar da haɓakar haɓaka ta yanzu zuwa ƙasa, kai tsaye bayan babban maƙerin kewaya. An bayar da kyakkyawan tushe ta hanyar cikakken walƙiya misali IEC 62305-1 zuwa 4 tare da misalan aikace-aikacen sa. A can, ana tattauna kimar haɗari da kuma kariya ta walƙiya ta waje da ciki.

Matakan kare walƙiya (LPL), waɗanda ke bayyana aikace-aikace daban-daban masu mahimmanci, yanke hukunci a wannan yanayin. Misali, LPL I ya haɗa da hasumiyar jirgin sama, wanda dole ne har yanzu ya kasance yana aiki har ma bayan yajin walƙiya kai tsaye (S1). LPL Na kuma ɗauki asibitoci; inda kayan aiki dole ne su kasance suna aiki sosai yayin tsawa da kariya daga haɗarin wuta don mutane su kasance cikin aminci koyaushe.

Don kimanta abubuwan da suka dace, ya zama dole a tantance haɗarin yaɗuwar walƙiya da illolinta. Don wannan dalili, ana samun halaye daban-daban, jere daga tasiri kai tsaye (S1) zuwa haɗa kai tsaye (S4). A haɗe tare da yanayin tasirin tasiri (S1-S4) da nau'in aikace-aikacen da aka gano (LPL I- / IV), ana iya ƙayyade samfuran da suka dace don walƙiya da kariyar tashin hankali.

Matakan kare walƙiya don kariyar walƙiya na cikin gida sun kasu kashi huɗu: LPL I shine matakin mafi girma kuma ana tsammanin a 100 kA don matsakaicin nauyin bugun jini a cikin aikace-aikace. Wannan yana nufin 200 kA don walƙiya a wajen aikace-aikacen. Daga wannan, kashi 50 cikin 100 an sallamesu a cikin ƙasa, kuma “sauran” 1 kA an haɗa su zuwa cikin cikin ginin. Dangane da haɗarin haɗarin kai tsaye SXNUMX, da aikace-aikacen matakin kariya na walƙiya I (LPL I), sabili da haka dole ne a yi la'akari da hanyar sadarwar da ta dace. Bayani a hannun dama yana ba da darajar da ake buƙata ta mai gudanarwa:

Daidaita karuwar tashin hankali don kayan aikin caji na lantarki

Ana buƙatar amfani da irin wannan la'akari da kayan aikin caji na lantarki. Baya ga gefen AC, dole ne a yi la'akari da gefen DC don wasu fasahar rukunin caji. Don haka ya zama dole ayi amfani da al'amuran da ƙimomin da aka gabatar don cajin kayayyakin motocin lantarki. Wannan kwatancen zane mai sauƙaƙa yana nuna tsarin tashar caji. Ana buƙatar matakin kare walƙiya LPL III / IV. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana kwatanta yanayin S1 zuwa S4:

Wadannan al'amuran zasu iya haifar da nau'ikan nau'ikan haduwa da juna.

Wadannan yanayi dole ne a magance su tare da walƙiya da kariyar tashin hankali. Akwai shawarwari masu zuwa a wannan batun:

• Don cajin kayan more rayuwa ba tare da kariyar walƙiya ta waje ba (shigarwar ta yanzu ko shigar da juna, ƙimomi ga mai gudanar da aikin): kawai haɗa kai tsaye kai tsaye yana faruwa a nan kuma ana buƙatar ɗaukar matakan kariya ta wuce gona da iri. Hakanan ana nuna shi a cikin Table 2 akan sifar bugun jini 8/20 μs, wanda yake tsaye don bugun ƙarfin wuce gona da iri.

A wannan yanayin nuna haɗin kai tsaye da kai tsaye ta hanyar haɗin layin sama, kayan aikin caji ba su da kariya ta walƙiya ta waje. Anan ana iya fahimtar haɗarin walƙiya ta hanyar layin sama. Don haka ya zama dole a girka kariyar walƙiya a gefen AC. Haɗin haɗi uku yana buƙatar aƙalla 5 kA (10/350 μs) ta mai gudanarwa, duba Table 3.

• Don cajin ababen more rayuwa tare da kariyar walƙiya ta waje: Hoton da ke shafi na 4 ya nuna zane LPZ, wanda ke tsaye don abin da ake kira Yankin Kariyar walƙiya - watau yankin kariyar walƙiya wanda ke haifar da ma'anar ingancin kariya. LPZ0 yanki ne na waje ba tare da kariya ba; LPZ0B yana nufin cewa wannan yanki yana "a cikin inuwar" na kariya ta walƙiya ta waje. LPZ1 yana nufin ƙofar ginin, misali wurin shiga a gefen AC. LPZ2 zai wakilci ƙarin rarrabawa cikin ginin.

A cikin yanayinmu zamu iya ɗauka cewa ana buƙatar samfuran LPZ0 / LPZ1 kayayyakin kariya na walƙiya waɗanda aka tsara su azaman kayan T1 (Nau'in 1) (Kashi na I a kowace IEC ko kariyar kariya). A cikin miƙa mulki daga LPZ1 zuwa LPZ2 akwai kuma magana game da yawan wuce gona da iri T2 (Nau'in 2), Class II na IEC ko matsakaiciyar kariya.

A cikin misalinmu a cikin Table 4, wannan yayi daidai da mai zane tare da 4 x 12.5 kA don haɗin AC, watau ƙarfin walƙiya mai ɗauke da 50 kA (10/350 μs). Don masu canza AC / DC, dole ne a zaɓi samfuran juzu'i masu dacewa. Hankali: A gefen AC da DC wannan dole ne ayi hakan daidai.

Ma'anar kariyar walƙiya ta waje

Ga tashoshin caji da kansu, zaɓin madaidaicin bayani ya dogara ko tashar tana cikin yankin kariya na tsarin kariyar walƙiya na waje. Idan wannan haka ne, T2 arrester ya isa. A cikin yankuna na waje, dole ne a yi amfani da kayan kwalliyar T1 daidai da haɗarin. Duba Table 4.

Mai mahimmanci: Sauran hanyoyin kutse zasu iya haifar da lalacewar wuce gona da iri saboda haka suna buƙatar kariya mai dacewa. Waɗannan na iya zama sauya ayyukan akan tsarin lantarki wanda ke fitar da juzu'i, misali, ko waɗanda ke faruwa ta layukan da aka saka cikin ginin (tarho, layukan bayanan bas).

Tsarin yatsa mai taimako: Duk layukan kebul na ƙarfe, kamar su gas, ruwa ko wutar lantarki, waɗanda ke kaiwa cikin ko fita daga gini abubuwa ne masu yuwuwar watsawa don tashin hankali. Sabili da haka, a cikin haɗarin haɗari, yakamata a bincika ginin don irin waɗannan damar kuma yakamata a yi la'akari da walƙiya / kariyar kariyar da ta dace kusa da hanyoyin kutse ko wuraren shigar gini. Shafin 5 da ke ƙasa yana ba da bayyani game da nau'ikan kariyar ƙaruwa da ke akwai:

Nau'in da ya dace da SPD don zaɓar

Ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙaramin matattarar ƙarfin lantarki zuwa aikace-aikacen don kiyaye shi. Saboda haka yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar ƙirar daidai da SPD mai dacewa.

Idan aka kwatanta da fasahar arrester na yau da kullun, fasahar haɗin kai ta LSP tana tabbatar da mafi girman ɗaukar nauyi akan kayan aikin da za'a kiyaye. Tare da kariya ta wuce gona da iri, kayan aikin da za'a kiyaye yana da rashi mai gudana na matsakaicin girma da kuma karancin abun cikin kuzari (I2t) - ba a tasiye abin da ya rage na yanzu.

Koma zuwa takamaiman aikace-aikacen tashoshin caji don motocin lantarki: Idan na'urori masu caji suna da nisan sama da mita goma daga babban kwamiti na rarraba kayan masarufi wanda a ciki akwai babban kariyar tashin hankali, dole ne a sanya ƙarin SPD kai tsaye a ƙarshen tashar AC tashar ta dace da IEC 61643-12.

SPDs a shigar da babban kwamiti na rarraba dole ne su sami damar samun ikon ruwan walƙiya (12.5 kA a kowane lokaci), wanda aka kasafta a matsayin Class I bisa ga IEC 61643-11, daidai da Table 1, a cikin hanyar sadarwar AC ba tare da maɗaukakiyar mita a cikin ba. taron walƙiya Bugu da kari, dole ne su zama ba su da matsalar kwararar ruwa a yanzu (a cikin aikace-aikace kafin a fara aunawa) kuma ba su da wata damuwa ga kololuwar wutan lantarki na gajeren lokaci da ka iya faruwa saboda lamuran da ke cikin karamar hanyar sadarwa. Wannan ita ce kawai hanyar da za a ba da tabbaci na tsawon rayuwar sabis da cikakken aminci na SPD. Takaddun shaida na UL, da kyau a buga 1CA ko 2CA bisa ga UL 1449-4th, yana tabbatar da amfanin duniya.

Fasahar zamani ta LSP ta dace sosai da kariyar AC a shigar da babban kwamitin rarrabawa bisa ga waɗannan buƙatun. Saboda ƙirar da ba ta da kwarara, waɗannan na'urori kuma ana iya sanya su a cikin yanki na mita mai tsayi.

Fasali Na Musamman: Kai tsaye aikace-aikacen yanzu

Motsi na lantarki yana amfani da fasaha kamar su saurin caji da tsarin adana batir. Ana amfani da aikace-aikacen DC musamman a nan. Wannan yana buƙatar masu kamawa masu kwazo tare da ƙarin matakan aminci, kamar su iska mai girma da nesa. Tunda ƙarfin DC, ya bambanta da ƙarfin AC, ba shi da tsallake sifili, ba za a iya kashe bakunan da ke ciki ta atomatik ba. A sakamakon haka, gobara na iya faruwa cikin sauƙi wanda shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne a yi amfani da na'urar kariya da ta dace.

Tunda waɗannan kayan aikin suna mai da hankali sosai game da juzu'i (ƙananan rigakafin rigakafi), dole ne a kiyaye su tare da na'urori masu kariya masu dacewa. In ba haka ba za a iya lalacewa ba, wanda ke taƙaita rayuwar sabis ɗin abubuwan haɗin.

Tare da samfurinta FLP-PV1000, LSP tana ba da bayani wanda aka tsara don amfani a cikin kewayon DC. Babban fasalin sa sun hada da karamin tsari da kuma na'uran cire kayan aiki na musamman wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kashe baka mai sauya. Saboda capacityarfin kashe kansa, ana iya raba kewayon gajere na 25 kA, kamar yadda zai iya haifar, misali, ta ajiyar baturi.

Saboda FLP-PV1000 nau'ikan nau'ikan 1 ne da Nau'in 2, ana iya amfani dashi gaba ɗaya don aikace-aikacen e-motsi a gefen DC azaman walƙiya ko karuwar tashin hankali. Matsayin fitowar halin yanzu na wannan samfurin shine 20 kA ta mai gudanarwa. Don tabbatar da cewa saka idanu na ruɗi ba damuwa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ɓarke ​​mara izini na yanzu - an kuma tabbatar da wannan tare da FLP-PV1000.

Wani muhimmin al'amari shine aikin kariya a yayin tashin hankali (Uc). Anan FLP-PV1000 yana ba da aminci har zuwa 1000 volts DC. Kamar yadda matakin kariya yake <4.0 kV, ana tabbatar da kariyar motar lantarki a lokaci guda. Dole ne ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin motsi na 4.0 kV ya tabbata ga waɗannan motocin. Don haka idan igiyar ta zama daidai SPD kuma tana kiyaye motar lantarki da ake caji. (Hoto na 3)

FLP-PV1000 yana ba da daidaitaccen nunin launi wanda ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da yanayin samfuran. Tare da haɗin sadarwa na haɗin sadarwa, ana iya yin kimantawa daga wurare masu nisa.

Tsarin kariya ta duniya

LSP tana ba da mafi kyawun samfurin kayan aiki akan kasuwa, tare da na'ura don kowane yanayi kuma sau da yawa fiye da ɗaya. Don duk waɗannan maganganun da ke sama samfuran LSP na iya amintar da duk kayan aikin caji - duka hanyoyin IEC & EN na duniya da samfuran.

Tabbatar da motsi
Kare kayayyakin caji da motocin lantarki daga walƙiya da karuwar tashin hankali bisa ga buƙatun IEC 60364-4-44 sakin layi 443, IEC 60364-7-722 da VDE AR-N-4100.

Motocin lantarki - tsafta, hanzari da nutsuwa - suna ƙara zama sananne
Kasuwa mai saurin haɓaka e-motsi yana haifar da babbar sha'awa ga masana'antu, abubuwan amfani, al'ummomi tare da 'yan ƙasa. Masu aiki suna da niyyar samun riba da wuri-wuri, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci don hana ɓarna lokaci. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar haɗa da cikakkiyar walƙiya da haɓakar haɓaka a matakin ƙira.

Tsaro - fa'ida mai fa'ida
Illolin walƙiya da hauhawa suna ɓata amincin kayan aikin lantarki masu saurin caji. Ba caji caji kawai bane wanda ke cikin haɗari, amma abin hawa ne na abokin ciniki. Lokaci ko lalacewa na iya tsada da sannu. Baya ga farashin gyara, kana kuma da hadari ka rasa amincin kwastomomin ka. Amintacce shine babban fifiko a cikin wannan kasuwar matasa ta fasaha.

Matsayi mai mahimmanci don e-motsi

Waɗanne ƙa'idodi ne ya kamata a yi la'akari da su don shigar da kayan aikin caji?

Tsarin daidaitaccen tsari na IEC 60364 ya ƙunshi ƙa'idodin shigarwa sabili da haka dole ne ayi amfani dashi don kafaffiyar shigarwa. Idan tashar caji ba abin motsi ba kuma an haɗa ta da tsayayyun igiyoyi, zai faɗi ƙarƙashin ikon IEC 60364.

IEC 60364-4-44, sakin layi na 443 (2007) yana ba da bayani kan LOKACIN da za a shigar da karuwar ƙaruwa. Misali, idan hauhawa na iya shafar ayyukan jama'a ko ayyukan kasuwanci da masana'antu da kuma idan an sanya kayan aiki masu mahimmanci na rukunin I + II….

IEC 60364-5-53, sakin layi na 534 (2001) yayi ma'amala da tambayar WACECE kariyar tashin hankali yakamata a zaɓa kuma YADDA za'a girka ta.

Menene sabon?

IEC 60364-7-722 - Bukatun don shigarwa na musamman ko wurare - Kayayyaki don motocin lantarki

Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2019, sabon ƙirar IEC 60364-7-722 ya zama tilas don tsarawa da girka hanyoyin kariya na hauhawa don wuraren haɗin waɗanda ke samun damar jama'a.

722.443 Kariya daga juzuwar wucewa na asalin yanayi ko saboda sauyawa

722.443.4 Ikon wuce gona da iri

Wurin haɗi wanda zai iya isa ga jama'a ana ɗaukarta wani ɓangare ne na kayan aikin jama'a kuma saboda haka dole ne a kiyaye shi daga juzuwar wucewa. Kamar yadda yake a da, an zaɓi na'urorin haɓaka masu ƙarfi kuma an girka su bisa ga IEC 60364-4-44, sakin layi 443 da IEC 60364-5-53, sakin layi 534.

VDE-AR-N 4100 - Ka'idodi na asali don haɗa shigarwar abokan ciniki zuwa tsarin ƙananan lantarki

A cikin Jamus, VDE-AR-N-4100 dole ne a lura da shi don caji posts wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa tsarin ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki.

VDE-AR-N-4100 ya bayyana, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ƙarin buƙatu akan nau'ikan kama 1 da aka yi amfani da su cikin babban tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, misali:

• Nau'in 1 SPDs dole ne ya bi ƙa'idar samfurin DIN EN 61643 11 (VDE 0675 6 11)
• Za'a iya amfani da nau'in sauya SPD guda 1 SPDs kawai (tare da walƙiya). SPDs tare da ɗaya ko fiye da bambance-bambancen mahaɗa ko haɗin layi ɗaya na ratar walƙiya da varistor an hana su.
• Rubuta 1 SPDs bazai haifar da aiki ba sakamakon nunin yanayi, misali LEDs

Downtime - Kar ka bari ya zo ga haka

Kare hannun jari

Kare tsarin caji da kuma motocin lantarki daga lalacewa mai tsada

• Zuwa ga mai kula da caji da batir
• Zuwa sarrafawa, counter da sadarwa na lantarki na tsarin caji.

Kare kayan aikin caji

Walƙiya da kariyar ƙaruwa don tashoshin caji na lantarki

Ana buƙatar tashoshin caji inda motocin lantarki ke ajiye na tsawan lokaci: a wurin aiki, a gida, a wuraren shakatawa + wuraren shakatawa, a wuraren shakatawa na motoci masu hawa da yawa, a wuraren shakatawa na mota, a tashar mota (motocin lantarki), da dai sauransu. Sabili da haka, ana shigar da ƙarin tashoshin caji (duka AC da DC) a cikin masu zaman kansu, na jama'a-da jama'a, da kuma wuraren jama'a - saboda haka akwai ƙarin sha'awa cikin cikakkun dabarun kariya. Waɗannan motocin suna da tsada sosai kuma saka hannun jari yayi tsada sosai don fuskantar haɗarin walƙiya da haɗarin karuwa.

Walƙiya ta buga - Hadari ga kewayen lantarki

Idan akwai tsawa, yanayin lantarki mai mahimmanci ga mai sarrafawa, ƙididdigar tsarin sadarwa yana cikin haɗari musamman.

Tsarin tauraron dan adam wanda tashoshin caji suke hade juna ana iya lalata su nan take ta hanyar walƙiya guda kawai.

Hawan guguwa kuma yana haifar da lalacewa

Yunkurin walƙiya da ke kusa yakan haifar da hauhawa wanda ke lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa. Idan irin wannan hauhawar ta faru yayin caji, to akwai yiwuwar motar ma ta lalace. Motocin lantarki yawanci suna da ƙarfin wutar lantarki har zuwa 2,500 V - amma ƙarfin wutar da walƙiya ta samar zai iya ninka sau 20 sama da hakan.

Kare saka hannun jari - Kare lalacewa

Dogaro da wuri da nau'in barazanar, ana buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitaccen walƙiya da haɓakar haɓaka.

Kariyar karuwa don motsi na lantarki

Kasuwa don motsi na lantarki yana kan tafiya. Sauran tsarin tuki suna yin rijistar ƙaruwar rijista, kuma ana bada kulawa ta musamman ga buƙatun wuraren caji na ƙasa baki ɗaya. Misali, gwargwadon lissafi da ƙungiyar BDEW ta ƙasar jamusa, ana buƙatar maki 70.000 na caji na yau da kullun da kuma caji 7.000 don motocin e-miliyan 1 (a cikin ƙasar jamus). Ana iya samun ka'idojin caji uku daban-daban a kasuwa. Baya ga cajin mara waya ta hanyar ƙa'idar shigarwa, wanda har yanzu baƙon abu ne a cikin Turai (a yanzu), tashoshin musayar baturi an haɓaka su azaman ƙarin madadin azaman hanyar caji mafi dacewa ga mai amfani. Hanyar caji mafi yaduwa, duk da haka, ana ɗauke ne da caji mai ɗauke da waya is kuma wannan shine daidai inda abin dogara da tsayayyen walƙiya da kariyar tashin hankali dole ne a tabbatar dasu. Idan ana ɗaukar motar amintacciyar wuri don kasancewa a lokacin tsawa saboda ƙarfinta kuma hakan yana bin ƙa'idar keji ta Faraday, kuma idan kayan lantarki ma ba su da matsala daga lalacewar kayan masarufi, yanayin yana canzawa yayin caji. Yayin caji na wuta, yanzu an haɗa lantarki da abin hawa zuwa cajin lantarki, wanda aka ba shi ta tsarin samar da wuta. Volarfafawa yanzu zai iya haɗawa zuwa cikin abin hawa ta wannan haɗin haɗi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar wutar lantarki. Lalacewar walƙiya da yawan zafin rai ya fi yuwuwa sakamakon wannan tauraron tauraron dan adam kuma kariyar lantarki a kan tsaurara abubuwa yana da mahimmanci. Na'urorin kariya daga wutar lantarki (SPD) a cikin kayan aikin caji suna ba da hanya mai sauƙi da inganci don kare kayan lantarki na tashar caji kuma, musamman, waɗanda ke cikin motar daga lalacewar tsada.

Waya caji

Matsakaicin wurin shigarwa don irin waɗannan kayan aikin lodin yana cikin keɓaɓɓun yanayi a cikin garaje na gidaje masu zaman kansu ko wuraren shakatawa na mota. Gidan caji wani bangare ne na ginin. Chargingarfin caji na yau da kullun ta kowane caji a nan ya kai 22 kW, abin da ake kira caji na yau da kullun, wanda bisa ga ƙa'idodin aikace-aikacen Jamusanci na yanzu VDE-AR-N 4100 Cajin na'urori don motocin lantarki tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin rated 3.6 kVA dole ne a yi rajista da mai ba da sabis na grid, har ma yana buƙatar yarda kafin idan ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka sanya shi shine> 12 kVA. IEC 60364-4-44 yakamata a ambata musamman a nan azaman tushen ƙayyadaddun bukatun kariyar ƙaruwa da za a bayar. Tana bayanin "Kariya kan rikitarwa mai wucewa saboda tasirin yanayi ko sauya ayyukan". Don zaɓin abubuwan haɗin da za'a shigar anan, muna komawa zuwa IEC 60364-5-53. Taimakon zaɓaɓɓe wanda LSP ya ƙirƙira yana ba da damar zaɓin waɗanda ake kamawa a cikin tambaya. Da fatan za a duba nan.

Yanayin caji 4

A ƙarshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, yanayin caji 4 ya bayyana abin da ake kira saurin caji tare da> 22 kW, galibi tare da DC har zuwa yanzu yawanci 350kW (mai hangen nesa 400kW da ƙari). Irin waɗannan tashoshin caji ana samun su galibi a wuraren jama'a. Anan ne IEC 60364-7-722 "Abubuwan buƙatu don kayan aiki na musamman, ɗakuna da tsarin - Ba da wuta ga motocin lantarki" ya shigo cikin wasa. Kariya akan wuce gona da iri akan tasirin wuce gona da iri saboda tasirin yanayi ko yayin sauya ayyukan ana buƙata a bayyane don wuraren caji a wuraren da jama'a ke isa. Idan an shigar da tashoshin caji a waje da ginin a cikin hanyar wuraren caji, ana zaɓar walƙiya da kariyar ƙaruwa bisa ga wurin shigarwar da aka zaɓa. Aikace-aikacen tsarin kare walƙiya (LPZ) daidai da IEC 62305-4: 2006 yana ba da ƙarin mahimman bayanai game da ƙirar ƙirar walƙiya da masu kamawa.

A lokaci guda, dole ne a kula da kariya ta hanyar sadarwar sadarwa, musamman ga akwatunan bango da tashoshin caji. Wannan mahimmancin haɗin keɓaɓɓen ba za a yi la'akari da shi kawai ba saboda shawarar IEC 60364-4-44, saboda yana wakiltar hanyar haɗi tsakanin abin hawa, abubuwan caji da tsarin makamashi. A nan ma, kayayyaki masu kariya waɗanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen suna tabbatar da amintaccen aiki mai aminci na motsi na lantarki.

Tasirin motsi mai dorewa a cikin tsarin kariyar hauhawa

Don ingantaccen kuma amintaccen cajin abin hawa na lantarki, an bayyana takamaiman umarni a cikin Lowaramar Volaramar Ka'idoji don shigarwa da aka yi niyya don wannan: ITC-BT 52. Wannan koyarwar tana nanata wajibcin samun takamaiman kayan aiki na wucin gadi da kariyar har abada. LSP ta keɓance mafita don bin wannan ƙa'idar.

Kodayake a halin yanzu ƙasa da 1% na masana'antar kera motoci ta Spain tana ɗorewa, an kiyasta cewa a cikin 2050 za a sami kusan motoci miliyan 24 na lantarki kuma a cikin shekaru goma adadin zai ƙaru zuwa miliyan 2,4.

Wannan sauyin da aka samu a yawan motoci yana rage canjin yanayi. Koyaya, wannan juyin halitta yana haifar da sauƙin abubuwan more rayuwa waɗanda zasu samar da wannan sabuwar fasahar mai tsabta.

Kariya daga wuce haddi a cikin cajin motocin lantarki

Kyakkyawan kuma amintaccen cajin motocin lantarki babbar matsala ce a cikin ɗorewar sabon tsarin.

Wannan caji ya kamata a yi shi cikin aminci, yana ba da tabbacin abin hawa da kiyaye tsarin lantarki, tare da duk na'urorin kariya da ake buƙata, gami da waɗanda suke da alaƙa da wuce gona da iri.

Dangane da wannan, shigar da caji don motocin lantarki dole ne su bi ITC-BT 52 don kare dukkanin da'irorin daga kariyar wucin gadi da dindindin wanda zai iya lalata motar yayin aikin lodin.

An buga ƙa'idar ta dokar masarauta a cikin Sanarwa ta Sashen Mutanen Espanya (Tabbatar da Gaskiya na ainihi 1053/2014, BOE), wanda aka amince da sabon newarin Bayanin Fasaha na ITC-BT 52: «Cibiyoyi don dalilai masu alaƙa. Lantarki don cajin motocin lantarki ».

Umarni ITC-BT 52 na Dokar Volaramar tageananan lantarki

Wannan umarnin yana buƙatar samun sabbin kayan aiki don samar da tashoshin caji da kuma sauye-sauye na cibiyoyin da ake amfani dasu waɗanda aka samar daga cibiyar sadarwar wutar lantarki zuwa yankuna masu zuwa:

1. A cikin sababbin gine-gine ko wuraren ajiye motoci dole ne a haɗa takamaiman kayan lantarki don cajin motocin lantarki, aiwatar da su daidai da yadda aka kafa a cikin bayanin ITC-BT 52:
2. a) a cikin filin ajiye motoci na gine-gine tare da tsarin mallakar ƙasa a kwance dole ne a gudanar da babban aikin ta cikin yankuna na gari (ta hanyar bututu, tashoshi, tire, da sauransu) don haka zai yiwu a sami rassa da aka haɗa da tashoshin caji da ke cikin wuraren ajiyar motoci , kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sashe na 3.2 na ITC-BT 52.
3. b) a cikin filayen ajiye motoci masu zaman kansu a cikin hadin gwiwa, kasuwanci ko ofisoshi, na ma'aikata ko abokan hulda, ko kuma rumbunan ababen hawa na gari, dole ne a samarda wuraren caji guda daya a kowane wurin ajiye motoci 40.
4. c) a cikin wuraren ajiye motoci na dindindin na jama'a, abubuwan da ake buƙata don samar da tashar caji don kowane kujeru 40 za'a tabbatar dasu.

Ana la'akari da cewa ginin ko filin ajiye motoci sabon gini ne lokacin da aka gabatar da aikin ginin ga Publicungiyar Gudanar da Jama'a don dacewa don sarrafa shi a kwanan wata bayan shigowar Dokar Sarauta ta 1053/2014.

Gine-gine ko wuraren ajiye motoci kafin buga dokar masarauta suna da tsawon shekaru uku don dacewa da sababbin ƙa'idodin.

2. A cikin titi, dole ne a yi la’akari da wuraren da ake buƙata don samar da kayayyaki ga tashoshin caji waɗanda ke cikin sararin samaniya don motocin lantarki da aka tsara a cikin Shirye-shiryen Motsi na Yanki na yanki ko na gida.

Menene makircin makirci don girke wuraren caji?

Hotunan shigarwa don cajin motocin lantarki waɗanda aka riga aka hango a cikin umarnin sune masu zuwa:

Schemeungiya ko tsarin reshe tare da babban kantin asalin asalin girkawa.

Tsarin mutum tare da takaddama na gama gari don gidan da tashar caji.

Tsarin mutum tare da kanti don kowane tashar caji.

Yi makirci tare da da'ira ko ƙarin da'irori don cajin motocin lantarki.

Protectionarin na'urorin kariya don ITC-BT 52

Duk da'irorin dole ne a kiyaye su daga na ɗan lokaci (na dindindin) da na wuce gona da iri.

Dole ne a shigar da na'urori masu kariya daga tashin hankali a kusancin asalin wurin, ko kuma a cikin babban kwamiti.

A watan Nuwamba 2017, an buga Jagoran Fasaha na aikace-aikacen ITC-BT 52, inda aka bada shawarar masu zuwa:

- Don girka nau'ikan 1 na kariya daga wuce gona da iri ko kuma kusa da babban makunnin, wanda yake a bakin kofar shigar da masu kirga kuri'u.

- Lokacin da tazara tsakanin tashar caji da na'urar kariya ta tashin hankali da ke kusa da sama ya fi ko daidaita da mita 10, ana ba da shawarar girka wani karin na'uran kariya na tashin hankali, rubuta 2, kusa da tashar caji ko a ciki.

Magani kan wuce gona da iri na dindindin

A cikin LSP muna da madaidaicin bayani don ingantaccen kariya game da hauhawar wucin gadi da dindindin:

Don kariya daga nau'in wuce gona da iri na 1, LSP yana da jerin FLP25. Wannan sinadarin yana bada tabbaci babba kariya daga wuce gona da iri kan layukan samar da wuta a kofar ginin, gami da wadanda aka samar ta hanyar fitowar wutar walƙiya kai tsaye.

Nau'in mai kare 1 ne da 2 bisa daidaitaccen IEC / EN 61643-11. Babban halayensa sune:

• Imparfafawa a halin yanzu a kowane sanda (ƙafa) na 25 kA da matakin kariya na 1,5 kV.
• An ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar na'urorin cajin gas.
• Yana da alamu don yanayin kariyar.

Don kariya daga nau'ikan juzu'i na 2 na wucin gadi da juzu'i na dindindin, LSP ya ba da shawarar jerin SLP40.

Kare motar lantarki

Motar lantarki zata iya tsayayya da ƙarfin bugun jini na 2.500V. Idan akwai wata hadari ta lantarki, irin wutan da za'a iya yada shi ga abin hawa ya ninka har sau 20 sama da irin karfin da zai iya jurewa, wanda hakan ke haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba a cikin dukkan tsarin (mai sarrafawa, ma'aunin, tsarin sadarwa, abin hawa), koda kuwa tasirin na katako yana faruwa a wani ɗan nesa.

LSP tana sanya maka kayayyakin da suka wajaba don kare wuraren caji daga saurin wucewa da dindindin, tabbatar da kiyaye abin hawa. Idan kuna da sha'awar samun kariya daga yawan juzu'i, zaku iya dogaro da taimakon ƙwararrun ma'aikatanmu game da lamarin nan.

Summary

Ba za a iya rufe al'amuran na musamman tare da mafita na duniya ba - kamar yadda Knife na Sojan Switzerland ba zai iya maye gurbin saitin kayan aikin da aka tanada ba. Wannan kuma ya shafi muhalli na tashoshin caji na EV da motocin lantarki, musamman tun da auna gwargwado, sarrafawa da kayan aikin ƙa'idodi yakamata a haɗa su cikin maganin kariya. Yana da mahimmanci duka a sami kayan aikin da suka dace kuma a yi zaɓin da ya dace dangane da yanayin. Idan kayi la'akari da wannan, zaka sami ɓangaren kasuwancin amintacce mai ƙarfi a cikin motsi na lantarki - da abokin tarayya mai dacewa a cikin LSP.

Lantarki na lantarki magana ce mai zafi a halin yanzu da na nan gaba. Furtherarin haɓakawarsa ya dogara da ƙarancin lokacin gina ingantattun tashoshin caji na cibiyoyin sadarwa waɗanda dole ne su kasance cikin aminci da ɓata kuskure a cikin aiki. Ana iya samun wannan ta amfani da LSP SPDs da aka girka a duka samar da wutar lantarki da layin dubawa inda suke kare abubuwan lantarki na tashoshin caji.

Kariya daga kayan wutar lantarki
Za a iya jan iko a cikin fasahar tashar caji ta hanyoyi da yawa ta hanyar layin samar da wuta. Matsaloli saboda yawan rikice-rikice da suka zo ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar rarraba za a iya rage girman ta ta amfani da LSP mai saurin aiki walƙiya masu kama a halin yanzu da SPDs na jerin FLP.

Kariyar tsarin aunawa da sarrafawa
Idan muna son aiki da tsarin da ke sama yadda ya kamata, dole ne mu hana yuwuwar yin gyara ko goge bayanan da ke cikin sarrafawa ko da'irar bayanai. Corruptionila bayanan lalacewar bayanan da aka ambata na iya haifar da overvoltages.

Game da LSP
LSP mai bin fasaha ne a cikin na'urorin kariyar ƙaruwa na AC & DC (SPDs). Kamfanin ya ci gaba da haɓaka ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a shekarar 2010. Tare da ma'aikata sama da 25, dakunan gwaje-gwajen kansa, ingancin samfurin LSP, abin dogaro da ƙere-ƙere an tabbatar. Yawancin kayan kariya na karuwanci ana gwada su kuma an basu tabbaci kai tsaye ga ƙa'idodin ƙasashe (Rubuta 1 zuwa 3) bisa ga IEC da EN. Abokan ciniki sun fito ne daga masana'antun masana'antu da yawa, gami da gini / gini, sadarwa, makamashi (hotunan hoto, iska, samar da wuta gabaɗaya da ajiyar makamashi), motsi da layin dogo. Ana samun ƙarin bayani a https://www.LSP-international.com.com.