Kariyar karuwa don tsarin hotunan hoto

Cibiyoyin Photovoltaic (PV) don yin amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa suna cikin haɗari mai yawa daga fitowar walƙiya saboda yanayin da suke ciki da kuma babban fili.

Lalacewa ga ɓangarorin mutum ko gazawar dukkan shigarwa na iya zama sakamakon.

Arfin walƙiya da karuwar tashin hankali galibi suna haifar da lalacewa ga masu juyawa da matakan hoto. Wadannan lalacewar suna nufin ƙarin kashe kuɗi ga mai aiki da kayan aikin hoto. Ba wai kawai akwai farashin gyara mafi girma ba amma yawan kayan aikin ya ragu sosai. Sabili da haka, kayan haɓaka hoto koyaushe yakamata a haɗa su cikin tsarin kariya ta walƙiya da dabarun ƙasa.

Don kauce wa waɗannan hanyoyin, dabarun walƙiya da ƙarin kariyar da ake amfani da su dole ne suyi hulɗa da juna. Muna samar muku da tallafi da kuke buƙata domin kayan aikinku suyi aiki lami lafiya kuma ku sadar da amfaninta! Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya kamata ku kiyaye shigarwar hotunanku na hasken wuta da kariya mai yawa daga LSP:

• Don kare ginin ku da shigarwar PV
• Don kara wadatar tsarin
• Don kiyaye jarin ku

Matsayi da buƙatu

Dole ne a yi la'akari da ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun da kariya don wuce haddi a cikin ƙira da girke kowane tsarin hoto.

Tsarin Turai na DIN VDE 0100 sashi na 712 / E DIN IEC 64/1123 / CD (Haɓakar ƙananan tsarin lantarki, buƙatu don kayan aiki na musamman da kayan aiki; tsarin wutar lantarki na hoto) da kuma ƙayyadaddun shigarwar ƙasashen duniya don wuraren PV - IEC 60364-7- 712 - duka suna bayanin zabi da girka kariyar kariri don kayan aikin PV. Hakanan suna ba da shawarar na'urorin kariya daga tashin hankali tsakanin injinan PV. A cikin wallafe-wallafen ta 2010 kan kariyar kariyar gine-gine tare da shigarwar PV, ureungiyar Masu Kula da Abubuwan Germanasa ta Jamus (VdS) na buƙatar> walƙiyar 10 kW da kariya ta wuce gona da iri bisa ga aji na walƙiya ta III.

Don tabbatar da cewa girkin ka ya zama mai aminci a nan gaba, ba sai an faɗi cewa abubuwan da muke haɗin mu sun cika dukkan buƙatunmu ba.

Bugu da ƙari, daidaitaccen Turai don haɓakar haɓakar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki yana cikin shirye-shirye. Wannan daidaitaccen zai bayyana iya gwargwadon ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki dole ne a tsara shi zuwa ɓangaren DC na tsarin PV. Wannan daidaitaccen halin yanzu prEN 50539-11 ne.

Misali makamancin wannan a halin yanzu yana aiki a cikin Faransa - UTE C 61-740-51. Ana gwada samfuran LSP a halin yanzu don bin ƙa'idodin duka don su iya samar da mawuyacin matakin aminci.

Modananan matakan kariyarmu a cikin Class I da Class II (B da C kame) suna tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin lantarki an taƙaita su cikin sauri kuma cewa yanzu an sauke su lafiya. Wannan yana ba ka damar kauce wa lalacewa mai tsada ko yiwuwar rashin ƙarfi gabaɗaya a cikin kayan aikin hotonka.

Don gine-gine tare da ko ba tare da tsarin kariyar haske ba - muna da samfurin da ya dace da kowane aikace-aikace! Zamu iya sadar da kayan kwalliyar kamar yadda kuke buƙata - cikakke cikakke kuma an riga an saka waya a cikin gidaje.

Devicesaddamar da na'urori masu kariya daga tashin hankali (SPDs) a cikin tsarin hoto

Volarfin wutar lantarki abu ne mai mahimmanci don samar da makamashi gabaɗaya daga tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa. Akwai wasu halaye na musamman waɗanda suke buƙatar la'akari yayin tura na'urorin kariyar ƙaruwa (SPDs) a cikin tsarin hoto. Tsarin Photovoltaic suna da tushen ƙarfin DC, tare da takamaiman halaye. Saboda haka, tsarin tsarin dole ne, ya dauki wadannan takamaiman halaye cikin la'akari da daidaita amfani da SPDs yadda ya kamata. Misali, takamaiman SPD don tsarin PV dole ne a tsara su duka don matsakaicin ƙarfin caji na janareta mai amfani da hasken rana (V_OC STC = ƙarfin lantarki na mahallin da aka sauke a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji) da kuma game da tabbatar da iyakar tsarin da aminci.

Kariyar walƙiya ta waje

Dangane da babban yankinsu da kuma wurin da aka fallasa su, tsarin photovoltaic yana da haɗari musamman daga fitowar iska - kamar walƙiya. A wannan gaba, akwai buƙatar rarrabewa tsakanin tasirin bugun wuta kai tsaye da kuma abin da ake kira kai tsaye (kai tsaye da haɓaka). A gefe guda, mahimmancin kiyaye walƙiya ya dogara da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin da suka dace kuma a ɗaya hannun, mahimmancin kiyaye walƙiya yana amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin da suka dace. A gefe guda, ya dogara da aikace-aikacen kanta, a wasu kalmomin, ya danganta da idan gini ne ko shigar filin. Tare da shigarwar gini, ana nuna bambanci tsakanin shigar da janareta na PV a kan rufin ginin jama'a - tare da tsarin kariyar walƙiya da yake - da kuma sanyawa a saman rufin sito - ba tare da tsarin kare walƙiya ba. Hakanan wuraren girke-girke suna ba da babbar maƙasudin maƙasudi saboda manyan tsarukan rukunin yanki; a wannan yanayin, ana ba da shawarar kariya ta walƙiya ta waje don wannan nau'in tsarin don hana yajin haske kai tsaye.

Ana iya samun nassoshi na yau da kullun a cikin IEC 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3), plementarin 2 (fassara bisa ga matakin kariya na walƙiya ko matakin haɗarin LPL III) [2] da plementarin 5 (walƙiya da karuwar kariyar walƙiya ga tsarin ikon PV) kuma a cikin VdS Directive 2010 [3], (idan tsarin PV> 10 kW, to ana buƙatar kariyar walƙiya). Bugu da kari, ana buƙatar matakan kariyar ƙaruwa. Misali, yakamata a ba da fifiko don rarraba tsarin dakatar da iska don kare janareta na PV. Koyaya, idan ba zai yuwu a guji haɗi kai tsaye zuwa janareta na PV ba, a wata ma'anar, ba za a iya kiyaye nisan rabuwa mai aminci ba, to dole ne a yi la'akari da tasirin tasirin walƙiya. A asali, yakamata a yi amfani da igiyoyi masu kariya don manyan layukan janareto don ci gaba da jujjuyawar yanayi kamar yadda ya kamata. Bugu da kari, idan gicciye ya wadatar (min. 16 mm² Cu) ana iya amfani da garkuwar kebul don gudanar da igiyar ruwan walƙiya. Hakanan ya shafi yin amfani da rufaffiyar gidajen ƙarfe. Dole ne a haɗa ƙasa a ƙarshen igiyoyi da gidajen ƙarfe. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa manyan layukan janareta sun faɗi a ƙarƙashin LPZ1 (Yankin Kariyar Walƙiya); wannan yana nufin cewa nau'in SPD na 2 ya isa. In ba haka ba, ana buƙatar nau'in SPD na 1.

Amfani da daidaitattun bayanai na na'urorin kariya

Gabaɗaya, yana yiwuwa a yi la’akari da turawa da bayani dalla-dalla na SPDs a cikin ƙananan matakan ƙarfin lantarki akan gefen AC azaman daidaitaccen tsari; duk da haka, ƙaddamarwa da ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun tsari don masu samar da wutar lantarki na PV DC har yanzu ya kasance kalubale. Dalilin shine da farko janareto mai amfani da hasken rana yana da halaye na musamman kuma, abu na biyu, ana tura SPDs a cikin kewayen DC. SPDs na yau da kullun ana haɓaka don canza wutar lantarki ba tsarin wutar lantarki kai tsaye ba. Matakan samfura masu dacewa [4] sun rufe waɗannan aikace-aikacen na tsawon shekaru, kuma waɗannan ana iya amfani dasu asali don aikace-aikacen ƙarfin DC. Koyaya, alhali a baya an sami ƙananan ƙarancin tsarin PV, a yau waɗannan sun riga sun cimma kusan. 1000 V DC a cikin tashar PV da aka sauke. Aikin shine sarrafa ƙarancin tsarin a cikin wannan tsari tare da dacewa da na'urorin kariyar ƙaruwa. Matsayi wanda ya dace da fasaha kuma mai amfani don sanya SPDs a cikin tsarin PV ya dogara ne da nau'in tsarin, tsarin tsarin, da yanayin farfajiyar zahiri. Figures 2 da 3 suna nuna bambancin ƙa'idar: Da fari dai, gini tare da kariya daga walƙiya ta waje da kuma tsarin PV wanda aka ɗora akan rufin (ginin gini); abu na biyu, ingantaccen tsarin makamashin hasken rana (shigar filin), shima an sanya shi tare da kariyar walƙiya ta waje. A farkon misali - saboda gajeren kebul na tsawo - ana aiwatar da kariya ne kawai ta shigarwar DC na inverter; a karo na biyu an sanya SPDs a cikin akwatin tashar janareta mai amfani da hasken rana (don kare kayan aikin hasken rana) da kuma shigarwar DC na inverter (don kare mai juyawar). Yakamata a girka SPDs kusa da janareta na PV da kuma kusa da inverter da zaran tsayin kebul da ake buƙata tsakanin janareto na PV da inverter ya wuce mita 10 (Hoto 2). Matsakaicin bayani don kare gefen AC, ma'ana fitowar mai juyawa da samar da hanyar sadarwa, dole ne a sami nasara ta amfani da nau'in 2 SPDs da aka girka a fitowar inverter kuma - a batun shigar da gini tare da kariyar walƙiya ta waje a mahimmin ciyarwa ma'ana - sanye take da nau'in girma 1 na SPD.

Don tabbatar da cewa SPDs na iya sarrafa irin waɗannan ƙananan tsarin karfin taurarin da ke ƙunshe da masu rarrabuwar abubuwa uku ya tabbatar da abin dogara kuma ya zama tabbatacce-misali (Hoto 4). Idan kuskuren rufi ya faru masu bambancin ra'ayi biyu a cikin jerin suna nan, wanda hakan ke hana SPD cika nauyi.

Don taƙaitawa: kewayawan kariya tare da ƙarancin zubar ruwan sama a halin yanzu kuma ana hana kunnawar bazata na hanyar cire haɗin. A cikin yanayin da aka bayyana a sama, yaduwar wuta kuma ana kiyaye ta yadda ya kamata. Kuma a lokaci guda, ana kiyaye duk wani tasiri daga na'urar sa ido na rufi. Don haka idan matsalar rashin rufi ta faru, koyaushe akwai masu rarrabuwar magana guda biyu da ke cikin jerin. Ta wannan hanyar, abin da ake buƙata cewa dole ne a hana laifofin duniya koyaushe ya cika. LSP ta SPD nau'in 2 arrester SLP40-PV1000 / 3, U_CPV = 1000Vdc yana ba da kyakkyawan gwaji, bayani mai amfani kuma an gwada shi don bin duk ƙa'idodin yanzu (UTE C 61-740-51 da prEN 50539-11) (Hoto 4). Ta wannan hanyar, muna ba da mafi girman matakin aminci da ake samu don amfani a cikin da'irorin DC.

Aikace-aikace masu amfani

Kamar yadda aka riga aka fada, an faɗi bambanci tsakanin gini da shigarwar filin a cikin hanyoyin magance su. Idan an sanya maganin kariya ta walƙiya daga waje, ya kamata a sanya janareto na PV cikin wannan tsarin azaman keɓaɓɓen tsarin na'urar arrester. IEC 62305-3 ta ƙayyade cewa dole ne a kiyaye nisan ƙarewar iska. Idan ba za a iya kiyaye shi ba to dole ne a yi la’akari da tasirin tasirin walƙiya. A kan wannan batun, mizanin kariya daga walƙiyar IEC 62305-3 plementsarin 2 ya faɗi a cikin Sashe na 17.3: 'don a rage amfani da ƙananan igiyoyi masu kariya don amfani da manyan layukan janareta'. Idan giciye ya isa (min. 16 mm² Cu) ana iya amfani da garkuwar kebul don gudanar da igiyar ruwan walƙiya. Plementarin bayani (Hoto na 5) - Kariya daga walƙiya don tsarin hoto - wanda ABB ya bayar (Kwamitin Kariyar walƙiya da Binciken walƙiya na (Jamusanci) )ungiyar Lantarki, Kayan Lantarki da Fasahar Bayanai) ya ce ya kamata a kiyaye manyan layukan janareto. . Wannan yana nufin cewa ba a buƙatar masu kama walƙiya na yanzu (SPD nau'in 1), kodayake masu ɗaukar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙaruwa (SPD nau'in 2) suna da muhimmanci a ɓangarorin biyu. Kamar yadda hoto na 5 ya nuna, babban layin janareta mai kariya yana ba da mafita mai amfani kuma ya sami matsayin LPZ 1 a cikin aikin. Ta wannan hanyar, ana tura masu kama SPD nau'in 2 masu ƙarfi don bin ka'idodin ƙa'idodi.

Shirye-shiryen-dacewa

Don tabbatar shigarwa akan-layi yana madaidaiciya kamar yadda zai yiwu LSP yana ba da shirye-shirye don dacewa don kare ɓangarorin DC da AC na masu juyawa. Toshe-da-wasa akwatunan PV sun rage lokacin shigarwa. LSP kuma za ta yi takamaiman taron majalissar bisa buƙatarku. Ana samun ƙarin bayani a www.lsp-international.com

lura:

Dole ne a kiyaye ƙa'idodi da takamaiman ƙayyadaddun ƙasa

[1] DIN VDE 0100 (VDE 0100) kashi na 712: 2006-06, Bukatun shigarwa na musamman ko wurare. Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana (PV)

[2] DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3) 2006-10 Kariyar walƙiya, Sashe na 3: Kariyar kayan aiki da mutane, ƙarin 2, fassarar bisa ga aji kariya ko matakin haɗari III LPL, 5arin XNUMX, walƙiya da kuma kariyar kariyar tsarin PV

[3] VdS Directive 2010: 2005-07 Walƙiya mai fuskantar haɗari da karuwar tashin hankali; Jagororin rigakafin asara, VdS Schadenverhütung Verlag (masu bugawa)

[4] DIN EN 61643-11 (VDE 675-6-11): 2007-08 voltageananan na'urori masu kariya daga tashin hankali - Sashe na 11: na'urorin haɓaka masu ƙaruwa don amfani a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi - buƙatu da gwaji

[5] IEC 62305-3 Kariya daga walƙiya - Sashe na 3: Lalacewar jiki ga tsari da haɗarin rayuwa

[6] IEC 62305-4 Kariya daga walƙiya - Sashe na 4: Tsarin lantarki da lantarki a cikin tsari

[7] prEN 50539-11 voltageananan ƙarfin ƙaruwa na ƙaruwa masu ƙarfi - devicesarfafa na'urorin kariya don takamaiman aikace-aikace ciki har da dc - Sashe na 11: Bukatu da gwaje-gwaje na SPDs a cikin aikace-aikacen hoto

[8] Matsayin samfurin Faransanci don karuwar tashin hankali a yankin DC UTE C 61-740-51